Sedatives pregnancy

The importance of producing pharmaceuticals in enantiomerically pure forms was brought to the public s attention with the thalidomide (Formula 4.2) tragedy in the early 1960s. Thalidomide, as a racemic mixture, was originally produced in 1953 as a sedative and a non-addictive alternative to barbiturates. It was later found that it alleviated many of the unpleasant symptoms of early pregnancy but by 1961 its use had been linked with an increase in the number of severe birth deformities and it was withdrawn. It... 

All sedative-hypnotics cross the placental barrier during pregnancy. If sedative-hypnotics are given during the predelivery period, they may contribute to the depression of neonatal vital functions. Sedative-hypnotics are also detectable in breast milk and may exert depressant effects in the nursing infant. 

Lithium Mechanism of action uncertain suppresses inositol signaling and inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a multifunctional protein kinase No significant antagonistic actions on autonomic nervous system receptors or specific CNS receptors no sedative effects Bipolar affective disorder-prophylactic use can prevent mood swings between mania and depression Oral absorption, renal elimination half-life 20 h. narrow therapeutic window (monitor blood levels) Toxicity Tremor, edema, hypothyroidism, renal dysfunction, dysrhythmias pregnancy category D Interactions Clearance decreased by thiazides and some NSAIDs... 

Eupatorium chineme L. var. simplicifolium (Malcino) Kitam. E. lindleyanum DC E. japonicum Thunb. Zi Lan (Thorowort) (whole plant) Cumarin, O-cumaric acid, lactones, rhymohydroquinone, volatile oil, euparin, bornyl acetate, dimethyl thymohydroquinone, linalool.48 Sedative in disturbances of pregnancy and puerperium. Carminative, diuretic, vermifuge. 

Even more disconcerting than the second-generation effects in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy is the possibility of third-generation effects. There is no certainty regarding these, but worrying cases have been reported at intervals over the last thirty years or more (SED-14,1449). 

Severe transient postnatal hypothyroidism has been reported in infants whose mothers have received high doses of iodine during pregnancy or multiple local applications of povidone-iodine during pregnancy and for delivery (SED-14, 472). Transient neonatal hypothyroidism during breastfeeding after postnatal maternal topical iodine treatment has also been reported (68). 

Roman chamomile is stated to have carminative, antiemetic, antispasmodic, and sedative properties. It has been used for dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting, anorexia, vomiting during pregnancy, dysmenorrhea, and specifically for flatulent dyspepsia associated with mental stress. 

Thalidomide was initially launched as a sedative/hypnotic drug (Fig. 1.13), but withdrawn because of its extreme teratogenicity. However, under restricted conditions (no administration during pregnancy, or to any woman of childbearing age), it found a new use as an immunomodulator. Thalidomide seems particularly effective in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum, a possible complication of the chemotherapy of leprosy [23]. 

Phenothiazines can cause a false-positive pregnancy test, but only with the virtually obsolete Ascheim-Zondek animal test method (SED-11, 115). 

The birth of a hydrocephalic infant with a large meningomyelocele to a mother who had been treated with metrifonate for an infection with Schistosoma hematobium during the second month of pregnancy has been reported, but the report is not recent and the association was probably coincidental (SED-11, 598). 

Infanfs whose mofhers fook sedative hypnotics during pregnancy may experience some withdrawal symptoms... 

Neonatal flaccidity has been reported in infants whose mothers took sedative hypnotics during pregnancy... 

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