Protein kinase multifunctional

Other studies have demonstrated that the skeletal muscle ai peptide can be phosphorylated in T-tubule membranes by a multifunctional Ca " /calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase [111], Phosphorylation occurs on the i subunit to an extent of 2 mol phosphate/mol subunit and on the /i subunit to an extent of 0.7-1 mol phosphate/mol channel [108,111]. Phosphorylation catalyzed by the CaM-kinase on the ai subunit is additive to that caused by PKA and occurs on distinct sites [111]. So far, however, we have not observed any functional consequences of phosphorylation of the skeletal muscle Ca channels by the CaM-kinase. 

Ishida A, Shigeri Y, Taniguchi T, et al. Protein phosphatases that regulate multifunctional Ca + / calmoduhn-dependent protein kinases from biochemistry to pharmacology. Pharmacol Ther 2003 100 291-305. 

Bossemeyer, D. The glycine-rich sequence of protein kinases a multifunctional element (1994) Trends Biochem. Sd. 19, 201-205... 

Braun, A.E and Schulman, H. The multifunctional caldum/calmodulin dependent protein kinase From form to function (1995) Annu. Rev. Physiol. 57, 417-445... 

Lithium Mechanism of action uncertain suppresses inositol signaling and inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a multifunctional protein kinase No significant antagonistic actions on autonomic nervous system receptors or specific CNS receptors no sedative effects Bipolar affective disorder-prophylactic use can prevent mood swings between mania and depression Oral absorption, renal elimination half-life 20 h. narrow therapeutic window (monitor blood levels) Toxicity Tremor, edema, hypothyroidism, renal dysfunction, dysrhythmias pregnancy category D Interactions Clearance decreased by thiazides and some NSAIDs... 

Additional information <1> (<1> isozyme of calmodulin-dependent multifunctional protein kinase II in smooth-muscle [5] <1> caldesmon is not a substrate of smooth-muscle myosin light-chain kinase [3] <1> no substrates are bovine cardiac C-protein, bovine brain fodrin, rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthase, phosphorylase B, troponon (I -I- T -I- C), actin, tropomyosin, smooth-muscle actin, filamin, vinculin, cr-actinin, protamine or phosvitin [1]) [1-3]... 

Ikebe, M. Reardon, S. Scott-Woo, G.C. Zhou, Z. Koda, Y. Purification and characterization of calmodulin-dependent multifunctional protein kinase from smooth muscle isolation of caldesmon kinase. Biochemistry, 29, 11242-11248 (1990)... 

Cruzalegui, F. H. and Means, A. R., 1993, Biochemical characterization of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV expressed in insect cells, J Biol Chem, 268, pp 26171-26178. 

Saitoh, Y., Yamamoto, H., Fukunaga, K., Matsukado, Y. and Miyamoto, E., 1987, Inactivation and reactivation of the multifunctional calmodulin-dependent protein kinase from brain by autophosphorylation and dephosphorylation Involvement of protein phosphatases from brain, Journal of Neurochemistry, 49, pp 1286—1292. 

Anderson, M.E., Braun, A.P., Schulman, H., et al., 1994, Multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase mediates Ca(2+)-induced enhancement of the L-type Ca2+ current in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Circ Res, 75(5), pp 854—61. 

Discrete subcellular localization and protein interaction are other mechanisms by which this otherwise multifunctional protein kinase could achieve some degree... 

Cyclic AMP serves as an intracellular messenger in the transduction of many hormonal and sensory stimuli. Cyclic AMP switches on protein kinase A (PKA), a major multifunctional kinase, by binding to the regulatory subunit of the enzyme, thereby releasing the active catalytic subunits of PKA. In the absence of cAMP, the catalytic sites of PKA are occupied... 

Fujisawa H. (2001) Regulation of the activities of multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. J Biochem (Tokyo). 129, 193-9. 

Multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Domain structure and regulation, H. Schulman and L. 

Although purified smooth muscle myosin RLC may be phosphorylated by other protein kinases in vitro (Kamm and Stull, 1989), direct measurements of the sites of phosphorylation in myosin RLC during contractions in tracheal smooth muscle tissues show that there is only one prominent site of phosphorylation, serine 19 (Colburn et al., 1988 Kamm et al., 1989). The multifunctional Ca +Zcalmodulin-dependent protein... 

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