Secretion of immunoglobulins

Prigent-Delecourt L, Coffin B, Colombel JF, Dehennin JP, Vaerman JP, Rambaud JC. Secretion of immunoglobulins and plasma proteins from the colonic mucosa an in vivo study in man. Clin Exp Immunol 1995 99(2) 221-5. 

Growth of cells in microplates secretion of immunoglobulin into maintenance medium... 

They are also responsible for maintaining enterohepatic circulation i.e. the circulation of bile salts between the liver and intestine), as well as for secretion of immunoglobulins A, which protect the mucous membrane of the intestine. 

Myelomas are tumors of plasma cells and are excellent tissues for studying the biosynthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins. Many different lines of mouse myeloma cells are now available and some of these lines have been used for the study of carbohydrate attachment... 

A wide diversity of herbal remedies have purported abilities to stimulate defense functions. Complexes of carbohydrate and lignin, which are present in some herbs, modulate enteric immune functions (Kiyohara et al, 2000), and the changes in cytokine secretion (Matsumoto and Yamada, 2000) can trigger systemic responses. The polysaccharides present in other herbal medicines augment production of immunoglobulin (Ig) A by the Peyer s patches in the small intestine (Sakushima et al, 1997 Yu et al, 1998). The responses of the enteric immune system to lectins are variable (Pusztai 1993), and can elicit systemic responses (Lavelle et al, 2000). Other phytochemicals provide protection by inducing detoxification pathways in mucosal cells (Williamson et al, 1998). 

Splawski, J.B. and Lipsky, P.E. Cytokine regulation of immunoglobulin secretion by neonatal lymphocytes, J. Clin Invest., 88, 967,1991. 

Cattaneo, A. and Neuberger, M.S., Polymeric immunoglobulin M is secreted by transfectants of non-lymphoid cells in the absence of immunoglobulin J chain, EMBO ]., 6, 2753-2758, 1987. 

In nature, mammalian antibodies occur in five distinct classes IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE. These differ in structure, size, amino acid composition, charge, and carbohydrate components. The basic structure of each of the classes of immunoglobulins consists of two identical polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds to two identical heavy chains. Differences between classes and subclasses are determined by the makeup of the respective heavy chains. IgG is the major serum immunoglobulin and occurs as a single molecule IgA also occurs as a single molecule but also polymerizes, primarily as a dimer and also associates with a separate protein when secreted. IgM occurs in the serum as a pentamer, with monomers linked by disulfide bonds and the inclusion of an additional polypeptide component, the J-chain. IgD and IgE occur primarily as membrane-bound monomers on -cells, or basophils and mast cells, respectively. 

In many vertebrates, IgG is but one of five classes of immunoglobulins. Each class has a characteristic type of heavy chain, denoted a, 8, e, y, and p for IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, respectively. Two types of light chain, k and A, occur in all classes of immunoglobulins. The overall structures of IgD and IgE are similar to that of IgG. IgM occurs either in a monomeric, membrane-bound form or in a secreted form that is a cross-linked pentamer of this basic structure (Fig. 5-25). IgA, found... 

---