Secondary metabolic products

The major dasses of antibiotics are secondary metabolic products of micro-organisms. Many were discovered by empirically screening culture filtrates or cell extracts for antimicrobial activity. A range of techniques (examples are methods using, impregnated discs, porous cylinders, cut wells, see Figure 6.2) have been used to carry out such screening. 

Demain AL, Vaishnav P. (2003) Nitrogen regulation of biosynthesis of antibiotics and other secondary metabolic products. Pharma Chem 2(10) 92-96. 

Overall, however, the immensity of temperate land corresponds to a most various secondary metabolic production, different from that of tropical land. The most renowned alkaloids belong to the morphine class (Chart 6.2.A1), and, in combination with isoprenoids, to the ergot and triterpene classes (Chart 6.2. A2). Prominent in the peptides are the cyclosporins (the first of which was isolated from a fiingus collected in Norway), streptogramins, and P-lactams (Chart 6.2.P). The isoprenoids are represented by pyrethrin monoterpenes, cedrane sesquiterpenes, ginkgolide and taxane diterpenes, ophiobolane sesterterpenes, and arborane and amyrin-like triterpenes (Chart 6.2.1). In the polyketides, epothilones, recently discovered from Myxobacteria, and the long known rapamycin, are two prominent classes of macrolides (Chart 6.2.FA/PO/C). 

Kuigoua GM, Kouam SF, Ngadjui BT, Schulz B, Green IR, Choudhary MI, Krohn K. Minor Secondary Metabolic Products from the Stem Bark of Plumeria rubra Linn. Displaying Antimicrobial Activities. Planta Medica 2010 76(6) 620-625. 

Secondary metabolic products (compounds (hat are noi essential to their growth). 

In order to produce secondary metabolic products from a plant, exogenous plant tissue instead of a whole plant, may be cultivated as a suspension culture in an aseptic condition. The technical rationale for using plant tissue is based on the unique biochemical totipotency of plant cells.8... 

Detailed discussion of these areas Is beyond the scope of this chapter. Phytoalexins and their ellcitors, as related to defense and the development of secondary metabolic products as herbicides are discussed elsewhere In this book (chapter by N. Keen). 

Alternative procedures to simplify the production of kernels and CNSL separately could lie in biological methods designed either to obtain a non-porous shell for recovery of the kernel or a kernel-less nut for obtaining CNSL. Genetic methods to modify a species and its secondary metabolic products have been discussed (ref. 183). 

Seitaikinou Riyou. J63129982 A 02-06-1988. 86JP-276787 21-11-1986. Plant tissue culturing method, by culturing plant tissue in liquid medium containing surfactant and discharging out secondary metabolic products of plants from cells. 

Seitaikinou Riyou. J63226281 A 20-09-1988. 86JP-308544 26-12-1986. Tissue culturing to release secondary metabolic products of plant from cells comprises using liquid medium containing sodium or potassium ions, or calcium or magnesium ions. 

The urine of a mammal is a rich source of organic compounds that may range in molecular mass from components as large as proteins to relatively small molecules (<100 D of mass), presumably various secondary metabolism products. On a less absolute scale, volatility of various urinary metabolites will be limited by both their molecular mass and polarity. Based on the presence of polar and ionizable groups in the molecule, some very small molecules (e.g., urinary acids, peptides or carbohydrates) are very unlikely to... 

Trichothecenes are a group of mycotoxins produced as secondary metabolic products by various fungi of several genuses such as Fusarium, Trichoderma, Myrothecium, Trichothecium, Cephalosporium and Stachybotrys. 

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