Secondary estuaries

Many of the previous morphological classifications of estuaries provided by Fairbridge (1980) and others fail to make any connection with the prior structure and relief in which an estuary has formed (Perillo, 1995). A more recent modification of this classification system uses an approach that better encompasses the spectrum and diversity of estuarine systems (figure 2.5 Perillo, 1995). It also provides a genetically based linkage of primary and secondary estuaries based on classification of the shoreline (see Shepard, 1973), which considers the prior structure from which an estuary has formed. This morphogenetic... 

Secondary estuaries have been modified more by marine than river discharge processes, since the time that sea level reached its current position. The subcategories are choked, restricted, and leaky lagoons. 

Eutrophication Processes in Coastal Systems Origin and Succession of Plankton Blooms and Effects on Secondary Production in Gulf Coast Estuaries, Robert J. Livingston Handbook of Marine Mineral Deposits, David S. Cronan Handbook for Restoring Tidal Wetlands, Joy B. Zedler Intertidal Deposits River Mouths, Tidal Flats, and Coastal Lagoons, Doeke Eisma... 

The dominant allochthonous inputs are from riverine, marine/estuarine plankton, and bordering terrestrial wetland sources. Autochthonous sources typically include plankton, benthic and epiphytic micro- and macroalgae, emergent and submergent (e.g., seagrasses) aquatic vegetation (EAV and SAV) within the estuary proper, and secondary production. 

Chanton, J.P., and Lewis, F.G (2002) Examination of coupling between primary and secondary production in a river-dominated estuary Apalachicola Bay, Florida. Lirnnol. Oceanogr. 47, 683-697. 

Lin, J., and Kuo, A.Y. (2001) Secondary turbidity maximum in a partially mixed microtidal estuary. Estuaries 24, 707-720. 

Nixon, S. W., and Buckley, B. A. (2002). A strikingly rich zone —Nutrient enrichment and secondary production in coastal marine ecosystems. Estuaries 25, 782—796. 

ABSTRACT This review concerns substances produced by fungi isolated from the marine environment (seas, estuaries, brackish waters, salt marshes) which are capable of reproducing in a salt medium. Enzymatic activities and known primary or secondary metabolites are discussed in chemical, biochemical and biological terms. The potential industrial and pharmaceutical applications of these substances are considered as well as their potential toxic incidence for aquaculture and public health. 

Nieto JM, Sarmiento AM, Ohas M, Canovas CR, Riba I, Kalman J, Delvalls TA (2007) Acid mine drainage pollution in the Tinto and Odiel rivers (Iberian Pyrite Belt, SW Spain) and bioavail-abflity of the transported metals to the Huelva Estuary. Environ Int 33 445-455 Nordstrom KD (1982) Aqueous pyrite oxidation and the consequent formation of secondary minerals. In Kittrick JA, Fanning DS, Hossner LR (eds) Acid sulfate weathering pedogeochemistry and relationship to manipulation of soil materials. Soil Science Society, America Press, Madison, WI, pp 37-56... 

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