Secondary deposition, definition

Definition and causes of jaundice Jaundice (icterus) refers to the yellow color of the skin, nail beds, and sclerae caused by deposition of bilirubin, secondary to increased bilirubin levels in the blood. There are three major forms of jaundice hemolytic jaundice, caused by massive lysis of red blood cells, releasing more heme than can be handled by the reticuloendothelial system obstructive jaundice, resulting from obstruction of the bile duct and hepatocellular jaundice, caused by damage to liver cells that decreases the liver s ability to take up and conjugate bilirubin. In addition, neonatal jaundice is caused by the low activity of hepatic glucuronylation of bilirubin, especially in premature infants. 

The discharge from both domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants (for example, from activated sludge processes) has been a low-cost source of makeup for cooling systems for many years. Efforts to reuse water continue to gain momentum for environmental conservancy and economic reasons, but the fact that secondary use waters are, by definition, of a lower grade than other supply sources inevitably means an increased risk of deposition or fouling problems in the cooling system. 

Dendritic deposits grow under mass transport-controlled electrodeposition conditions. These conditions involve low concentration of electrolyte and high current density. A dendrite is a skeleton of a monocrystal consisting of stem and branches. The shapes of the dendrites are mainly determined by the directions of preferred growth in the lattice. The simplest dendrites consist of the stem and primary branches. The primary branches may develop secondary and tertiary branches. The angles between the stem and the branches, or between different branches, assume certain definite values in accordance with the space lattice. Thus, dendrites can be two dimensional (2D) or three dimensional (3D). 

The hitherto unknown cyclodimer 12 might be a secondary product formed by dimerization of 11. The search for absorptions associated with 12 in the spectrum of the deposit (Figure 6.1) was, however, unsuccessful. No peak could be definitely assigned to this elusive species, even after annealing the matrix and the disappearance of lines due to 11. Hence, if formed at all, only... 

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