Scores aggregating

Sometimes you may also see quality-of-life (QOL) data collected for your clinical trial. Quality-of-life data are collected to measure the overall physical and mental well-being of a patient. These data are usually collected with a multiple-question patient questionnaire and may be summed up into an aggregate patient score for analysis. Some commonly used quality-of-life questionnaires are the SF-36 and SF-12 Health Survey, but there are quite a few disease-specific QOL questionnaires available to clinical researchers. 

In the results the emissions of mercury appear to have a very substantial contribution for the human toxicity impact score. These emissions are caused by the coproduction of chlorine and sodium hydroxide by electrolysis using a mercury cell. However, this technique is phased out. Therefore, the process descriptions in the Ecoinvent database do not represent up to date technology. In the Ecoinvent database the process for PVC production, in which chlorine is used as one of the compounds, is an aggregated processes based on, seemingly outdated, data from PlasticsEurope. These outdated data also influence the impacts related to waste treatment by incineration because sodium hydroxide is necessary for the waste incineration process. 

We increased the number of practice trials to 10, distributed over a number of hours. Even this did not prevent some subjects from scoring substantially above their baselines after 3 days on BZ and up to 30 or more trials of NF and SC tests. When two teams of undrugged volunteers competed over a 5-day period, we compared their aggregate team scores. They ended almost in a tie, but their improvement, when plotted graphically showed a leveling off after 20-25 trials. Consequently, we increased the practice trials to 20,... 

Besides the general criticism of additive aggregation models the most criticized aspects about these simple methods are the fact that direct scoring of alternatives and direct estimation of weights often lead to results that lack an argumentative justification and that the resulting preference values lack an economic interpretation. Also, it is not possible to perform consistency checks on the decision maker s inputs. 

SED-TOX is an index that aggregates multiple toxicity data into an easily understandable and single value, the SED-TOX score. Although designed for the assessment of marine, estuarine and freshwater sediments, it could also easily be applied to soil samples, sludges and biosolids. This index can assist the environmental manager in the ... 

Aggregation can be scored visually, and expressed as relative values ranging from 0 to 4+ (Nicolson, 1973), or quantitated by particle counting at the Coulter counter. 

In order to prepare a list of plant species with overall high use-values, the values of two indices were rescaled between 1 and 100 and finally added. Based on the aggregate score (range from 2-200), species were grouped into five use-value rank classes. 

We decided to pair the numbers with some careful, detailed descriptions of a range of portfolios, chosen for aggregate or overall average scores ranging from low to high on the six-point rating scale we had used for scoring the nine features. 

A commonly used profile instrument is the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). This instrument includes nine health concepts or scales (Table 2-3). The SF-36 can be self-administered or administered by a trained interviewer (face to face or via telephone). This instrument has several advantages. For example, it is brief (it takes about 5-10 minutes to complete), and its reliability and validity have been documented in many clinical situations and disease states. " A means of aggregating the items into physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scores is available." In addition, an abbreviated version of the SF-36 containing only 12 items (SF-12) has been introduced." However, the scale scores and mental and physical component summary scores derived from the SF-12 are based on fewer items and fewer defined levels of health and, as a result, are estimated with less precision and less reliability. The loss of precision and reliability in measurement can be a problem in small samples and/or with small expected effect sizes for an intervention. 

Contextual attribute correspondences can be modeled with similarity matrices. An entry in the similarity matrix Mjj is extended to be a tuple v,c), where v e [0,1] is a similarity value and c is a context as defined above. This modeling allows a smooth extension of contextual attribute correspondences to matcher ensembles [Domshlak et al. 2007 He and Chang 2005], in which matchers are combined to improve the quality of the outcome of the matching process. For example, Do et al. [2002] and Domshlak et al. [2007] proposed several ways to combine similarity matrices, generated by different matchers, into a single matrix. Such combination, which was based solely on aggregating similarity scores, can be extended... 

Pawar et al. were able to show that the generic factors affecting amyloidosis are hy-drophobicity, secondary structure propensity and charge and used these to create intrinsic Z-scores for aggregation of any polypeptide, enabling calculation and comparisons between different polypeptide sequences (Pawar et al. 2005). 

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