Health, concept

Woodward, David and Richard D. Smith. 2003. Global Public Goods and Health Concepts and Issues. In Global Public Goods for Health Health Economic and Public Health Perspectives, edited by Richard Smith et al., 8. New York University Press. 

Suter, G. W., II. A critique of ecosystem health concepts and indexes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12 1533-1539, 1993. 

Registries could offer some preliminary information about the distribution and determinants of a few reproductive and developmental outcomes (fetal death, live births, birth defects), but often additional information on exposures and the precise nature of the adverse outcomes will need to be collected. Registry data are simply not available for most fecundity-related outcomes indicative of male and female reproductive health (conception delay, early pregnancy loss). 

The study of HRQOL requires a multidimensional approach. Assessments must include components that evaluate, at a minimum, the health concepts of physical functioning, social and role functioning, mental health, and perception of general health. In addition, the full continuum of these concepts must be included, from the most limited to the healthiest. Approaches to capture HRQOL data include the self-administered questionnaire, personal interview, telephone interview, observation, and postal survey. The assessment instruments must possess acceptable reliability, validity, and sensitivity, and the investigators and the participants must accept them. Psychometrics... 

Ware, J.E. Measuring Functioning, Well-Being, and Other Generic Health Concepts, Osoba, D., Ed. CRC Press Boca Raton, Florida, 1991 7-23. 

A commonly used profile instrument is the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). This instrument includes nine health concepts or scales (Table 2-3). The SF-36 can be self-administered or administered by a trained interviewer (face to face or via telephone). This instrument has several advantages. For example, it is brief (it takes about 5-10 minutes to complete), and its reliability and validity have been documented in many clinical situations and disease states. " A means of aggregating the items into physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scores is available." In addition, an abbreviated version of the SF-36 containing only 12 items (SF-12) has been introduced." However, the scale scores and mental and physical component summary scores derived from the SF-12 are based on fewer items and fewer defined levels of health and, as a result, are estimated with less precision and less reliability. The loss of precision and reliability in measurement can be a problem in small samples and/or with small expected effect sizes for an intervention. 

A conceptual model is the rationale for and description of the concepts that a measurement instrument is intended to assess and the interrelationships of those concepts. A measurement model is an instrument s scale and subscale structure and the procedures followed to create scale and subscale scores. An example is the well-defined conceptual and measurement models for the scales and scale structure of the SF-36. The SF-36 contains 36 items that cover nine theory-based health concepts. Eight of these health concepts are measured by multi-item scales. There is a clearly defined means of creating the individual scale scores and the physical and mental component summary scales. ... 

Young K (1998) Population health concepts and methods. Oxford University Press, New York Zhang M, Wexler A (2002) Modeling the number distributions of urban and regional aerosols theoretical foundations. Atmos Environ 36 1863-1874 Zhang M, Wexler A (2004) Evolution of particle number distribution near roadways—Part I analysis of aerosol dynamics and its implications for engine emission measurements. Atmos Environ 38 6643-6653... 

It is worth discussing the workplace safety and health concept developed and implemented in the United Kingdom. Some of the Commonwealth countries, particularly Australia, have adopted this concept as well. The concept reduces the amount of regulation for safety and health details by the government. The concept relies on risk analysis and the hierarchy of controls (see Table 3-2) for companies, employers, and workers. It contrasts with the approach in the United States in which government agencies, such as... 

Lloyd, P. Health Concepts, inParrtry, S. (ed.) (1995). Occupational Health. NewWrrk Chapman arrd Hall, pp. 22-35. 

This sense is reflected in the setting of patterns of colors, shapes, lighting, location, etc., as it covers the health concept, health conditions, diseases, ergonomics, etc. 

He was also very excited with the ideas of advanced health concepts and health care systems supported by technology in order to adjust care individually to the patient and bring it into the patients home. He was encouraging the introduction of the Whole Life Personally Portable Medical Record and using the new technology for quality of life characterization and improvement. 

WHO (2005). Promoting mental health, concepts, emerging evidence, practice (pp. 67-68) Geneva World Health Organization. 

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