Scientific mysteries

Radioisotopes used as tracers solve scientific mysteries Radioactive and nonradioactive isotopes of the same element act the same way in a chemical reaction. When scientists want to put tags on a compound, they substitute a radioactive isotope for a nonradioactive one in the compound. Then they can use radiation detectors to track and locate the radioisotope tracer. 

Crewdson, John. Science Fictions A Scientific Mystery, A Massive Cover-Up, and the Dark Legacy of Robert Gallo. Boston Little, Brown, 2002. 

In 1897 Marie was preparing to continue her studies. The first degrees were completed, she was certificated as a teacher, and she had her first child, daughter Irene. It could be time to go further for her doctor s degree. Professor Becquerel s rays fascinated. Likewise the uranium mineral pitchblende that gave stronger radiation than pure uranium salts. It was a scientific mystery and a challenge. She also felt she had all the support she needed from her husband. 

To see this deep connection, start with another scientific mystery. Why are the oceans not like Mono Lake or the Dead Sea Mono Lake has many inflows but no outflows, so it collects everything that cannot evaporate and escape. Likewise, many rivers flow into the ocean but none flow out. After all these billions of years, the ocean s concentrations of mineral ions should be higher than Mono Lake s, and ocean water should be the hardest of hard waters. 

Assigning values of the relative masses of the atoms of chemical elements allowed chemistry to develop into a physical science. The concepts of relative atomic mass and the law of conservation of mass allowed quantitative chemistry (stoichiometry) to develop. Aristotle wrote, Mathematics is the study of quantity and Descartes wrote, Mathematics is the science of order and measurement. The deepest philosophical and scientific mysteries are often those that we take for granted. It is quite possible that you have never reflected on the fact that chemists uses mathematics to describe and explain the physical world. Mathematical concepts, such as differential equations and logarithms, that were developed for purely abstract reasons turn out to explain real chemical phenomena. Their utility (usefulness), as physicist Eugene Wigner once wrote,... 

In the mid 1960 s, B. G. Craig at the Los Alamos National Laboratory performed experiments designed to characterize the formation of water waves from explosives detonated near the water surface. He reported observing the formation of ejecta water jets above and jets or roots below the expanding gas cavity. This was unexpected and a scientific mystery which remained unsolved until it was finally modeled using the NOBEL code in December of 2002. 

The HyperChem philosophy associated with back end computations is one which is in tended to in still eon fiden ce. as far as is possible. in the scientific results emanating from HyperChem. This ph ilosoph y is on e of open n ess — open n ess aboii t the prod net. the calculations being performed, the science embodied in the product, etc. Apart from protecting the proprietary code associated with a commercial product. Hypercube wushes to document and describe as fully as is possible tb e calculation s th at HypcrCb cm performs. There should be no mystery about the scientific results obtained with HyperChem. 

In the past century, the brewing industry has been using scientific research in order to carry out brewing with increased proficiency and confidence. Louis Pasteur of Erance (4) and Emil Chr. Hansen of Denmark did much to elucidate the mysteries of fermentation. 

Introduction The enchanting flame has held a special mystery and charm the world over for thousands of years. According to Greek myth, Prometheus the Titan stole fire from the heavens and gave it to mortals—an act for which he was swiftly punished. Early people made use of it anyway. Soon the ancients came to regard fire as one of the basic elements of the world. It has since become the famihar sign of the hearth and the mark of youth and blood—as well as the object of intense curiosity and scientific investigation. 

Scientific studies of friction can be traced back to several hundreds years ago when the pioneers, Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Amontons (1699), and Coulomb (1785), established the law of friction that "friction is proportional to the normal load and independent of the nominal area of contact, which are still being taught today in schools. Since then, scientists and engineers have been trying to answer two fundamental questions where friction comes from and why it exhibits such a behavior as described above. Impressive progress has been made but the mystery of friction has not been resolved yet. In an attempt to interpret the origin of... 

Mysteries such as this attract young people to science. Nuclear physics, however, tends to turn people off Nuclear power plant malfunctions and atomic bombs are frightening. Nevertheless, humankind has greatly benefited from scientific investigations of the nucleus. Science s hard-won knowledge of the atomic nucleus is used extensively in medicine, from imaging procedures such as positron emission tomography (PET) to radiation therapy, which has saved the lives of many cancer patients. 

Paracelsus lived during the Renaissance. His sober spirit of scientific observation and critical reason were accompanied by emotional turbulence and a volcanic temperament. He remains both a mystery and an object of nostalgia. Paracelsus is today celebrated as the first modem medical scientist. Paracelsus early life, achievements and latter years are described... 

Thompson, Charles John Samuel. The mystery and romance of alchemy and pharmacy. New York Scientific P, 1897. xv, 335 p. 

The first contact that many scientific users have with neural networks is through commercially available software. The manuals and Help systems in off-the-shelf neural network software may not offer much on the principles of the method, so, on a first encounter, ANNs might appear to be black boxes whose inner workings are both mysterious and baffling (Figure 2.3). 

He concludes that These scientific, or quasi-scientific discussions soothed me. They took my mind from brooding on the mysteries of the occult, by... 

Recent discoveries would appear to suggest that this mysterious Fire of Life, which, whatever else it may have been, was evidently a force and no true fire, since it did not burn, owed its origin to the emanations from radium, or some kindred substance. Although in the year 1885, Mr. Holly would have known nothing of the properties of these marvelous rays or emanations, doubtless Ayesha was familiar with them and their enormous possibilities, of which our chemists and scientific men have, at present, but explored the fringe. (1905, 167)... 

James, H., and Maurice James. 1930. The Mystery Metal. Scientific Wonder Stones (March 1930) 898-901, 932. 

Of all the mysteries of Nature time is the oldest and most daunting. It has been analyzed from many angles, mostly from a philosophical rather than a scientific point of view. These studies have produced a number of related descriptions, including definitions of psychological, biological, geological and mathematical time [28]. Despite the fact that time intervals can be measured with stupendous accuracy there is no physical model of time. This anomalous situation probably means that the real essence and origin of the concept time is not understood at all. 

Of all the odd myths that have arisen in the scientific world, the Caucasian mystery invented quite innocently by Blumenbach is the oddest., A Georgian woman s skull was the handsomest in his collection. Hence it became his model exemplar of human skulls, from which all others might be regarded as deviations and out of this, by some strange intellectual hocus-pocus, grew up the notion that the Caucasian man is the prototypic Adamic man. 

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