Science ideas

The standard of testability (vulnerability to negation in the framework of a working hypothesis in the hypothetico-deductive mode or of simultaneous adjustment in the framework of Bayesian modeling) is probably the toughest standard demanded in science. Ideas as old as the monad are not necessarily tested and validated by repeated corroboration. Indeed, they may be untested and powered by inertia. Ideas which are testable are those for which there are alternatives otherwise ideas are either unnecessary or untestable. Since Dennett has already asserted that reductionism permits no alternative, monophyly as such would have to be untestable, but, before condemning it to the rank of scientific dogma, let me cite two cases in which monophyly was tested as the alternative to a different (polyphylic) hypothesis. 

Further, the study and workshop intentionally spanned both technical disciplines and the social sciences. Ideas or work from across the experimental and theoretical physical and life sciences are included and contributions of social scientists were actively sought. To paraphrase Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, the challenges facing the world require a much broader conception than during the Cold War, and the solutions will require application and engagement of additional intellectual disciplines that transverse previous conceptions of interdisciplinary. 

Beck, U. (2009). How to think about science, episode 5 - Ulrich Beck and Bruno Latour. In How to think about science. Ideas with Paul Kennedy, CBCRadio. http //www.cbc.ca/ideas/epi-sodes/2009/01/02/how-to-think-about-science-part-l—24-listen/ episode5... 

Students are challenged and supported to develop deeper level understanding of major science ideas and to connect and extend ideas across lessons and contexts. They are challenged to develop higher order thinking and to think laterally in solving science-based problems. 

The study of clean surfaces encompassed a lot of interest in the early days of surface science. From this, we now have a reasonable idea of the geometric and electronic structure of many clean surfaces, and the tools are readily available for obtaining this infonnation from other systems, as needed. 

Deuflhard P, Hermans J, Leimkuhler B, Mark A E, Reich S and Skeel R D (ed) 1998 Computational Molecular Dynamics Challenges, Methods, Ideas vol 4 Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering (Berlin Springer)... 

The scientific method, as mentioned, involves observation and experimentation (research) to discover or establish facts. These are followed by deduction or hypothesis, establishing theories or principles. This sequence, however, may be reversed. The noted twentieth-century philosopher Karl Popper, who also dealt with science, expressed the view that the scientist s work starts not with collection of data (observation) but with selection of a suitable problem (theory). In fact, both of these paths can be involved. vSignificant and sometimes accidental observations can be made without any preconceived idea of a problem or theory and vice versa. The scientist, however, must have a well-prepared, open mind to be able to recognize the significance of such observations and must be able to follow them through. Science always demands rigorous standards of procedure, reproducibility, and open discussion that set reason over irrational belief. 

Now here is a post from a very influential chemist named Spice-boy who has contributed quite a bit to this science (hypothetically of course). She decided to go ahead and apply the idea of using benzoquinone as the oxygen source. If this works it would mean that one would not have to use a balloon of O2 at all. thus making the entire apparatus much more simpler and causing an increase in the efficiency of oxygen uptake and transfer by the system. So let s see what Spiceboy dreamt might happen if this were actually applied ... 

We conclude this chapter and wrap up the last three chapters with a few remarks about the application of the ideas contained herein to polymer technology. Chapters 2-4 have been concerned with various aspects of the mechanical states of polymers. The opinion was expressed in Chap. 1 that if polymers did not possess the mechanical properties they have, this whole class of compounds might be relegated to the category of laboratory curiosities. On the basis of any number of criteria-the number of scientists employed, the number of industries involved, the number of publications released, the number of patents issued—polymer science proves to be very viable indeed. 

Figure 9-13). A response, of course, is a sudden rise in amplitude at a speed. The analysis is performed using a mathematical model that includes the effects of damping in the equations, making the model much more complex than any previous analysis. The University of Virginia carries out continuous research in which a consortium of users, vendors, and researchers provide funds, and data and interchange ideas to advance the science of rotor dynamics. Other organizations, such as the Bently Rotor Dynamics Research Corporation and Texas A M University, are also carrying on similar work on a continuing basis.

Together with the structural principles established by the Bragg school concerning the many types of silicates, Goldschmidt s ideas were taken further by Linus Pauling in California to establish the modern science of crystal chemistry. A good early overview of the whole field can be found in a book by Evans (1939, 1964). 

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