Risperidone schizophrenia

Atypical neuroleptics. Because of the limited effectiveness and safety of conventional neuroleptics in TS, clinicians have turned to a new generation of neuroleptics that have been introduced for the treatment of schizophrenia. Risperidone, a member of a class of antipsychotics that blocks both DA and serotonin receptors, has been established as superior to placebo and equal, or superior, to haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia (Chouinard et al. 1993 Marder and Meibach 1994]. Risperidone has a more favorable side-effect profile than that of conventional neuroleptics and may have less potential for producing tardive dyskinesia. Compared with haloperidol, fewer extrapyramidal side effects are observed with risperidone in doses of 6 mg/ day or less. As encouraging reports appear in the literature (Lombroso et al. 1995 Stamenkovic et al. 1994 van der Linden et al. 1994], risperidone is currently being widely used by clinicians to treat tic disorders. 

Severe parkinsonism with urinary retention occurred when fluoxetine 20 mg/day was added to risperidone 2 mg/day in a 46-year-old man with schizophrenia. Risperidone had been prescribed at this dose for 1 month without any adverse effects, and the authors considered that a pharmacokinetic interaction between fluoxetine and risperidone was the most likely mechanism (266). 

Commercial drug products containing fine-particle active agents for intramuscular, intrasynovial, or intralesional administration are relatively common. These include products for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions (methypred-nisolone acetate), bacterial infections (inipenem), acromegaly (octreotide acetate), endometriosis (leuprolide acetate), prostate cancer (triptorelin pamoate), and schizophrenia (risperidone). In some cases, these products are intended to provide therapeutic blood levels of the active agent for extended periods of time (the depot effect). Fine particles that are injected other than intravenously are not subject to the same particle size constraints as those that are injected directly into the bloodstream. 

Sellers EM, Naranjo CA, Harrison M, et al Diazepam loading simplified treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Clin Pharmacol Ther 34 822-826, 1983 Sharp CW Introduction to inhalant Abuse, in Inhalant Abuse A Volatile Research Agenda (NIDA Research Monograph 129). Edited by Sharp CW, Beuvais F, Spence R. Rockville, MD, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1992, pp 1-10 Smelson DA, Losonczy MF, Davis CW, et al Risperidone decreases craving and relapses in individuals with schizophrenia and cocaine dependence. Can J Psychiatry 47 671-675, 2002... 

Albright PS, Livingstone S, Keegan DL (1996). Reduction of healthcare resource utilisation and costs following the use of risperidone for patients with schizophrenia previously treated with standard antipsychotic therapy a retrospective analysis using the Saskatchewan Health Linkable Databases. Clin Drug Invest 11,289-99. 

Almond S, O Donnell O, McKendrick J (1999). A cost analysis of olanzapine compared with haloperidol and risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia in the UK. Poster presented at the 12th Congress of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, London, 21-25 September 1999. 

Ginsberg G, Shani S, Lev B (1998). Cost-benefit analysis of risperidone and clozapine in the treatment of schizophrenia in Israel. Pharmacoeconomics 13,231—41. 

Gregor K, Gureje O, Lambert T, et al (1999). Olanzapine versus risperidone in the management of schizophrenia a randomized double-blind study in Australia and New Zealand. Abstract presented at the Xlth World Congress of Psychiatry, Hamburg,... 

Guest JF, Hart WM. Cookson RF, et al (1996). Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of long-term treatment with risperidone for patients with chronic schizophrenia. Br JMedEcon 10, 59-67. 

Spannheimer A, Clouth J, Gregor KJ (1999). Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of the rrearmenr of schizophrenia in Germany a comparison of olanzapine, risperidone and haloperidol using a clinical decision model. Poster presented at the ISPOR Second Annual European Meeting, Edinburgh, November 1999. 

Tran PV, Hamilton SH, KuntzAJ, et al (1997). Double-blind comparison of olanzapine versus risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. 

Jeste DV, Klausner M, Brecher M, et al (1996). A clinical evaluation of risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia a ten week open label multicentre trial. Psychopharmacology... 

Kopala LC, Fredrikson D, Good KP, Honer WG (1996). Symptoms in neuroleptic naive first episode schizophrenia response to risperidone. Biol Psychiatry 39, 296-8. 

Chan, H. Y. etal. (2007). Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the acute treatment of schizophrenia in Chinese patients with risperidone as an active control a randomized trial. /. Clin. Psychiatry, 68, 29-36. 

Lane, H. Y. et al. (2001). A pilot double-blind, dose-comparison study of risperidone in drug-naive, first-episode schizophrenia. /. Clin. Psychiatry, 62, 994-5. 

Lee, C. et al. (2006). Treatment with olanzapine, risperidone or typical antipsychotic drugs in Asian patients with schizophrenia. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry, 40, 437-45. 

Liu, C. Y. etal. (2003). Optimal dose of risperidone and olanzapine for patients with schizophrenia in Taiwan. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol, 18, 49-51. 

Wang, L. etal. (2007). Response of risperidone treatment may be associated with polymorphisms of HTT gene in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Neurosci. Lett., 414, 1-4. 

Xing, Q. el al. (2006a). The relationship between the therapeutic response to risperidone and the dopamine D2 receptor polymorphism in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Int. J. Neuropsy-chopharmacol., 10, 631-7. 

Xing, Q. et al. (2006b). Polymorphisms of the ABCB1 gene are associated with the therapeutic response to risperidone in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Pharmacogenomics, 7, 987-93. 

Zhou, Z. L. et al. (2006). Multiple dose pharmacokinetics of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone in Chinese female patients with schizophrenia. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 27, 381-6. 

Lane etal. (2002) HTR2A (T102C) Risperidone C102/C102 genotype associated with a better response. Schizophrenia Asian... 

Psychopharmaco-epidemiology investigation in China in 2002 showed that the first six antipsychotic drugs used for schizophrenia were clozapine, risperidone,... 

Huang, Y., Liu, X. H., Xu, K. et al. (2002b). Association study of cytochrome P450 2D6 gene polymorphism and therapeutic response to risperidone in Chinese subjects with schizophrenia. Journal of Chinese Psychiatry, 35(2), 103-6. 

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