Double-blind randomized study

Janicak PG, Javaid Jl, Sharma RP, et al. A two-phase, double-blind randomized study of three haloperidol blood levels for acute psychosis with reassignment of initial non-responders. Acta Psychiatr Scanc11997 95 343-350. 

Rettig, H.C. et al., Effects of hypnotics on sleep and psychomotor performance a double-blind randomized study of lormetazepam, midazolam and zopiclone, Anaesthesia, 45, 1079, 1990. 

Frydman R, Howies CM, Truong F. A double-blind, randomized study to compare recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH Gonal-F) with highly purified urinary FSH (Metrodin) HP) in women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques including intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The French Multicentre Trialists. Hum Reprod 2000 15(3) 520-5. 

Schoonderwoerd SA. Early cessation of triptorelin in in vitro fertilization a double-blind, randomized study. Fertil Steril 2005 83 889-96. 

Olsen SL, Gilbert EM, Renlund DG, Taylor DO, Yanowitz FD, Bristow MR. Carvedilol improves left ventricular function and symptoms in chronic heart failure a double-blind randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995 25 1225-1231. 

Bernard EO, et al. Ibutilide versus amiodarone in atrial fibrillation a double-blinded, randomized study. Crit Care Med 2003 3 I (4) 1031-1034. 

Loden, M., Buraczewska, I., and Edlund, F., Irritation potential of bath and shower oils before and after use a double-blind randomized study, Br. J. Dermatol., 150, 1142-1147, 2004. 

C9. Chang, A., Yeap, B., Davis, T., Blum, R., Hahn, R., et al., Double-blind, randomized study of primary hormone treatment of stage D2 prostate carcinoma Flutamide versus diethylstilbestrol. J. Clin. Oncol. 14, 2250-2257 (1996). 

Sibutramine up to 15 mg/day has also been assessed in 37 subjects with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and olanzapine-associated weight gain in a 12-week, double-blind, randomized study (284). Those who took sibutramine had significantly greater mean weight loss than those who took placebo (3.76 kg versus 0.82 kg). However, the patients who took sibutramine had a mean... 

Rothschild AJ, Williamson DJ, Tohen MF, Schatzberg A, Andersen SW, Van Campen LE, Sanger TM, Tollefson GD. A double-blind, randomized study of olanzapine and olanzapine/fluoxetine combination for major depression with psychotic features. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2004 19 365-73. 

Lie KI, Wellens HJ, van Capelle FJ, Durrer D. Lidocaine in the prevention of primary ventricular fibrillation A double-blind, randomized study of 212 consecutive patients. N Engl J Med 1974 291 1324-6. 

Staedt, LL, Lewellng, H., Gladisch, R., Kortsick, C., Hagmiiller, E., Holm, E. Effects of ornithine aspartate on plasma ammonia and plasma amino acids in patients with cirrhosis. A double-blind, randomized study using a four-fold crossover design. J. Hepatol. 1993 19 424-430... 

Rankin AC, Oldroyd KG, Chong E, Dow JW, Rae AP, Cobbe SM. Adenosine or adenosine triphosphate for supraventricular tachycardias Comparative double-blind randomized study in patients with spontaneous or inducible arrhythmias. Am Heart J 1990 119(2 Pt l) 316-23. 

In a double-blind randomized study in 30 women in the recovery room a single intravenous bolus injection of amiphenazole 150 mg was compared with placebo amiphenazole did not improve ventilation (6). However, in a double-blind study amiphenazole reversed respiratory depression and analgesia due to morphine (7). 

Ellis ME, al-Hokail A A, Clink HM, Padmos MA, Ernst P, Spence DG, Tharpe WN, Hillier VF. Double-blind randomized study of the effect of infusion rates on toxicity of amphotericin B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992 36(l) 172-9. 

Lahtinen R, Kuikka J, Nousiainen T, Uusitupa M, Lansimies E. Cardiotoxicity of epirubicin and doxorubicin a double-blind randomized study. Eur J Haematol 1991 46(5) 301-5. 

In a double-blind, randomized study in Vietnam (n — 227), extending the duration of oral artemisinin monotherapy 500 mg/day from 5 to 7 days did not reduce recrudescence rates (total 23%) (20). 

In a double-blind, randomized study of three groups of 18 patients having abdominal surgery who received single doses of either intramuscular pethidine 75 mg, with sublingual buprenorphine 400 pg, or buprenorphine 300 pg alone, sedation and nausea were the most common adverse effects in all three groups. Patients who received... 

The addition of fentanyl 1 pg/ml to ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml did not improve nerve blockade by axillary brachial plexus anesthesia in a double-blind, randomized study in 30 patients undergoing orthopedic procedures (31). In another double-blind, randomized study, 60 patients receiving axillary brachial plexus blockade were given 0.25% bupivacaine 40 mg, 0.25% bupivacaine 40 mg plus fentanyl 2.5 pg/ml, or 0.125% bnpivacaine 40 mg plus fentanyl 2.5 pg/ml (32). The addition of fentanyl 2.5 pg/ml prolonged sensory and motor blockade without any improvement in the onset of anesthesia and no significant increase in adverse effects. These two studies have reaffirmed the current position of conflicting results in studies of the benefits of adding fentanyl to local anesthetics for peripheral nerve blockade. 

In a double-blind, randomized study of 2309 consecutive patients undergoing elective hip replacement, postoperative subcutaneous fondaparinux 2.5 mg/day was compared with preoperative enoxaparin 40 mg/day (19). By day 11, venous thromboembolism had occurred in 85 (9%) of 919 patients assigned to enoxaparin and in 37 (4%) of 908 patients assigned to fondaparinux, a relative risk reduction of 56% (95% Cl = 33, 73). In a similar comparison of postoperative fondaparinux 2.5 mg/day and enoxaparin 30 mg bd in 2275 consecutive patients undergoing elective hip replacement, by day 11 venous thromboembolism had occurred in 48 (6%) of 787 patients assigned to fondaparinux and in 66 (8%) of 797 patients assigned to enoxaparin, a relative risk reduction of 26% (95% Cl = 11, 53) (20). 

Moisturizing creams have beneficial effects in the treatment of dry, scaly skin, but they can cause adverse skin reactions. In a double-blind, randomized study, 197 patients with atopic dermatitis, none of whom had known allergy to ingredients in the test creams, were randomized to one of three creams 20% glycerol (55 women and 13 men, mean age 35 years), 4% urea plus 4% sodium chloride (47 women and 16 men, mean age 32 years), and vehicle (49 women and 17 men, mean age 34 years) they were asked to apply the cream at least once daily for 30 days (13). After 2 weeks the... 

Frydman R, Howies CM, Truong F. A double-blind, randomized study to compare recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH Gonal-F) with highly... 

Itraconazole (28 patients) and terbinafine (27 patients) have been compared in a double-blind, randomized study in tinea capitis (20). The cure rates at week 12 were 86% and 78% respectively. Adverse events were mild and did not warrant discontinuation of therapy. 

In a double-blind, randomized study in 30 healthy adults oral levofloxacin (500 mg/day for 5 days) had a low photosensitizing potential (25), as it did in prechnical animal studies and postmarketing surveillance (26). In preclinical studies levofloxacin was 20 times less phototoxic than sparfloxacin. Phototoxicity occurs in only 1 in 1.8 million cases. 

Skin infiltration with local anesthetics can cause pain. The pain experienced during skin infiltration of lidocaine, chloroprocaine, and buffered solutions of both has been studied in 22 volunteers in a double-blind, randomized study (361). The pH of the solutions was unrelated to the pain score, but both formulations of chloroprocaine were significantly less painful than lidocaine. 

In a double-blind, randomized study in 60 patients undergoing elective knee arthroscopy, direct intrasjmovial injection of morphine 1 mg provided better long-term analgesia (12-24 hours) than intra-articular morphine 1 mg, with no adverse effects (48). 

Intravenous nalbuphine 3 mg (n — 101) has been compared with intravenous propofol 20 mg (n = 90) in a double-blind, randomized study, to determine efficacy in the treatment of intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus after cesarean delivery 10 minutes after the drug was administered (6). Nalbuphine was significantly more effective, especially in cases of moderate but not severe pruritus. Adverse effects such as reduced analgesia and increased nausea, vomiting, sedation, and dizziness were not significantly different between the two groups. 

Doring G. Antianginal and anti-ischemic efficacy of nicorandil in comparison with isosorbide-5-mononitrate and isosorbide dinitrate results from two multicenter, double-blind, randomized studies with stable coronary heart disease patients. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992 20(Suppl 3) S74-81. 

In a double-blind, randomized study, 55 women undergoing elective cesarean section were allocated to either epidural diamorphine 3 mg or intrathecal morphine 0.2 mg (90). There were no significant differences... 

In a single-blind, randomized study, four of 55 surgical patients who were treated with Hemopure developed jaundice without an increase in serum bilirubin (21). Similarly, in a double-blind, randomized study of 98... 

Propofol in subhypnotic doses is a potent antiemetic. In a double-blind, randomized study, a small dose of propofol (0.5 mg/kg) was compared with droperidol (20 micro-grams/kg) or metoclopramide (0.2 mg/kg) given at the completion of surgery performed in 90 patients under standard anesthesia with thiopental, fentanyl, and sevo-flurane (59). Follow-up was to 24 hours. The incidence of emesis at 24 hours was significantly lower in those who received propofol (10 versus 33% and 40% for droperidol and metoclopramide respectively). 

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