Phase schematic diagrams

Fig. IV-17. A schematic phase diagram illustrating the condensed mesophases found in monolayers of fatty acids and lipids.

Fig. XIV-11. Schematic phase diagram of a microemulsion-fortning system. (From Ref. 77.)...

Fig. XVII-17. Schematic phase diagram for O2 on graphite (see text). (From Ref 95. Reprinted with permission from American Chemical Society, copyright 1996.)...

Figure A2.5.1. Schematic phase diagram (pressure p versus temperature 7) for a typical one-component substance. The full lines mark the transitions from one phase to another (g, gas liquid s, solid). The liquid-gas line (the vapour pressure curve) ends at a critical point (c). The dotted line is a constant pressure line. The dashed lines represent metastable extensions of the stable phases.

Figure A3.3.2 A schematic phase diagram for a typical binary mixture showmg stable, unstable and metastable regions according to a van der Waals mean field description. The coexistence curve (outer curve) and the spinodal curve (iimer curve) meet at the (upper) critical pomt. A critical quench corresponds to a sudden decrease in temperature along a constant order parameter (concentration) path passing through the critical point. Other constant order parameter paths ending within tire coexistence curve are called off-critical quenches.

FIG. 17-2 Schematic phase diagram in the region of upward gas flow. W = mass flow solids, lh/(h fr) E = fraction voids Pp = particle density, Ih/ft Py= fluid density, Ih/ft Cd = drag coefficient Re = modified Reynolds uum-her. (Zenz and Othmei Fluidization and Fluid Particle Systems, Reinhold, New York, 1960. )... 

Schematic phase diagrams for binary mixtures of water with a strong amphiphile, and for ternary mixtures containing oil, water, and amphiphile, are shown in Fig. 3 (adapted from Refs. 7,8). Among the many interesting...

Another interesting class of phase transitions is that of internal transitions within amphiphilic monolayers or bilayers. In particular, monolayers of amphiphiles at the air/water interface (Langmuir monolayers) have been intensively studied in the past as experimentally fairly accessible model systems [16,17]. A schematic phase diagram for long chain fatty acids, alcohols, or lipids is shown in Fig. 4. On increasing the area per molecule, one observes two distinct coexistence regions between fluid phases a transition from a highly diluted, gas -like phase into a more condensed liquid expanded phase, and a second transition into an even denser... 

Figure 2a shows a schematic phase diagram for lyotropic liquid crystals. This figure shows the formation of micelles, cubic phases, bicontinuous cubic phases, and lamellar phases as the concentration of surfactant increases. Also shown in this figure is a schematic diagram of an ordered bicontinuous cubic phase (Fig. 2b). Another interesting example in...

Figure 6.4. Schematic phase diagram for a three-component (oil, water, surfactant) system showing some of the self-assembled structures which form in the various regions.

Fig. 16 Schematic phase diagram obtained from the experimental studies of the two solid solution series [Cp2Mo(dmit)](AsF6)x(PF6)1 x and [Cp2Mo(dmit)](SbF6)x(PF6)i x (from [75], reproduced with the kind permission of EDP Sciences)...

Figure 5.1 Schematic phase diagram showing pressures and temperatures at which two phases are at equilibrium. Phase boundary (a) represents the equilibrium between steam and ice boundary (b) represents equilibrium between water and ice and boundary (c) represents equilibrium between water and steam. The point D represents p and I on a warm, sunny day. Inset warming an ice cube from — 5 °C to the mouth at 37 °C at constant pressure causes the stable phase to convert from solid to liquid. The phase change occurs at 0 °C at...

Figure 3.7 Schematic phase diagram showing the specific volume as a function of temperature (adapted from reference 5)...

Simple schematic phase diagrams of binary alloy systems are shown in Fig. 2.18 in which the formation of one intermediate solid phase may be noticed. In these... 

Recently, new ordered mesoporous silicas have also been synthesized by using self-organization of amphiphilic molecules, surfactants and polymers either in acidic or basic condition. A schematic phase diagram of water-surfactant is shown in the figure. 

Calculation of Schematic Phase Diagrams for the Preparation of Solvent-Modified and Macroporous Thermosets via CIPS. . Guidehnes for the Preparation of Solvent-Modified and Macroporous Thermosets via CIPS. ... 

The Flory-Huggins equation (Eq. 10) allows one to reconstruct schematic phase diagrams to express the phase separation behavior as discussed below. 

Fig. 3a,b. Schematic phase diagrams displaying a upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior b lower critical solution temperature (LOST) behavior... 

Calculation of Schematic Phase Diagrams for the Preparation of Solvent-Modified and Macroporous Thermosets via CIPS... 

Similar to the derivation of schematic phase diagrams showing an UCST or LCSTbehavior, as shown in the previous section, it is now possible to plot a schematic phase diagram as a function of conversion, q, such as shown in Fig. 5. The binodal and spinodal curves are obtained by interconnecting all the coexisting points and inflection points of the AG -curves as a function of q similar to the procedure described in [67-69]. 

Fig. 5. Schematic phase diagram for Chemically Induced Phase Separation (CIPS)...

It has been shown above that the knowledge of the thermodynamic origins of phase separation processes allows one to reconstruct schematic phase diagrams. 

One particularly interesting system is the epoxy 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone as up to 40 wt % of this solvent can be easily mixed together with the epoxy precursors to generate a phase separation process. This allows one to verify experimentally the possible morphologies which were predicted based on the schematic phase diagram at concentrations below the phase inversion (see Fig. 7). Shown... 

If hexane is used as the low molecular weight liquid, the desired phase separation is observed when precursor mixtures containing 6-15 wt % hexane are cured isothermally at 40 °C. Further discussion of the phase separation behavior requires more detailed consideration of the schematic phase diagram, as presented in Fig. 17, which resembles the real phase diagram shown in Fig. 13. Experimentally it is found, that no phase separation occurs with hexane concentrations equal to or lower than 5 wt %. Hence the critical amount for phase separation, (j)p, is given by the intercept of the binodal line and the imaginary value of Hence no phase separation occurs if is reached before the metastable region is entered. 

Fig. 17. Schematic phase diagram explaining the phase separation behavior observed during the curing of epoxies in the presence of hexane...

Figure 7 A schematic phase diagram of a binary system...

Figure 2 Schematic phase diagram (lower) and schematic band structure (upper) for A2Cu04 phases, both n- and p-types.

A schematic phase diagram of MBE growth is depicted in fig. 4 (Ohno 1998 Shen et al. 1999). Recently it was shown that metallic (Ga,Mn)As with x = 0.1 can be obtained by the use of a modified MBE growth technique at 7s = 150°C, migration-enhanced epitaxy (MEE), where the beam fluxes of source materials are precisely controlled (Sadowski et al. 2001a, 2001b). 

Figure 7.1 Schematic phase diagram of water (not to scale), showing phase boundaries (heavy solid lines), triple point (triangle), critical point (circle-x), and a representative point (circle, dotted lines) at 25°C on the liquid-vapor coexistence curve.

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