Saturation filter cake

Onstream hours Fly ash loading Adipic acid concentration, ppm (controlled) Scrubber gas velocity, ft/sec Liquid-to-gas ratio, gal/Mcf Slurry solids concentration, wt % (controlled) Scrubber inlet pH (controlled) Oxidation tank level, ft Oxidation tank residence time, min Effluent hold tank residence time, min Average percent SO2 removal Average inlet SO2 concentration, ppm SO2 make-per-pass, m-moles/liter Percent oxidation of sulfite to sulfate Air stoichiometry, atoms oxygen/mole SO2 absorbed Oxidation tank pH Percent limestone utilization Scrubber inlet liquor gypsum saturation, % Filter cake solids content, wt % 1,688 High 1,300 1,700 5.4- 9.4 85 150 15 5.0- 5.1 18 2.8 8.3 93.4 2,660 4.0- 8.9 99.8 1.4- 2.4 4.9 92.6 93 86... 

Figure 6.7 The variation of the fraetion of solute removed (F) from a saturated filter cake with wash ratio (W) and dispersion number (Dj. For details see Wakeman and Tarleton (2005a).

D. Now the ether will be a deep reddish yellow. Distill off the ether...quack...and take the temp up to 170 C to drive off any other volatiles. Should recover 90%+ of the original weight of oil. Now add 500 ml of saturated bisulfite and stir for 1.5 hours...Quack Vacuum Filter, the duck fat crystals Wash with water and ether, yield dull fine ppt in the filter cake...stable bisulfite addition product...can be stored forever...QuackU Yield -50 to 80% depending on a ducks technique ... 

In 20 liters of human urine is dissolved 1,200 grams of sodium benzoate (6% weight by volume). The solution is acidified with aqueous hydrochloric acid (assay about 7.5% HCI) to a pH of 4.5 resulting in a heavy precipitation. This requires 10% of the original urine volume, or about 2 liters of aqueous hydrochloric acid. The suspension is stirred 20 minutes and is then allowed to stand for about 30 minutes. The mixture so obtained is filtered on a Buchner funnel that has been prepared with a precoat of benzoic acid crystals over filter paper. The filter cake is washed with a saturated benzoic acid solution, then sucked dry. The benzoic acid cake with the adsorbed urokinase weighs 2,060 grams. 

Blinks used a different method to dislodge the particles of active material from the strips cut off from the jellyfish (Blinks et al., 1978). The strips are shaken in cold seawater, and the particles dislodged are harvested by filtration on a Buchner funnel with the aid of Celite. The filter cake is first washed with 50 mM EDTA, pH 8.0, containing (NH4)2S(>4 at 75% saturation, to remove seawater. Then, the particles are cytolyzed and aequorin is extracted in situ by washing the filter cake with cold 50 mM EDTA, pH 8.0. The filtrate is clear and slightly greenish. The active matter in the filtrate is precipitated by saturation... 

Method B A solution of (/ )-oxynitrilase (150 pL, sec Method A) is dropped onto 2 g of Avicel cellulose [soaked in 20 mL of 0.01 M acetate buffer (pH 5.4) for 1 2 h, filtered off and pressed]. 20 mL of ethyl acetate (saturated with 0.01 M acetate buffer, pi I 5.4) are added, followed by 5 mmol of aldehyde and 250 pL (6.5 mmol) of hydrocyanic acid. After stirring at r.t. (Tabic 1) the mixture is filtered, and the filter cake pressed and washed with ethyl acetate. The combined solutions are dried and concentrated. 

Example 2. Reactor Experiment.66 Waste PET (110 g), 800 g of ethylene glycol, and 93 g of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide were introduced into a reactor. The reaction mixture was heated to 170° C with agitation while collecting distillate (mostly water with some ethylene glycol). The slurry, which consisted of disodium terephthalate in ethylene glycol, was filtered at a temperature of 170° C in a vacuum filter. The disodium terephthalate obtained was pressed as dry as possible and the ethylene glycol was recovered. The filter cake was washed with room temperature EG to remove impurities and to cool the disodium terephthalate to less than 100° C, followed by washing with a saturated solution of disodium terephthalate in water (maintained at 90-100° C). 

The checkers found that the procedure of Helberger and Lan-terman,2 which avoids the use of an ion-exchange resin, is also satisfactory in case it is regarded as inconvenient to set up the resin column. According to this procedure, after completion of the reaction with sodium sulfite, anhydrous hydrogen chloride is passed into the hot solution to liberate sulfur dioxide. After removal of sulfate as in the described procedure, the undiluted aqueous solution is saturated with hydrogen chloride gas at a temperature below 25°. The precipitated sodium chloride is removed by suction filtration, the filter cake is... 

The ether solution of nitrourethane is filtered into a 4-1. flask or beaker and is diluted to 3 1. with anhydrous alcohol-free ether. The solution is then saturated with dry ammonia gas or treated with an excess of liquid ammonia, thereby precipitating ammonium nitrourethane. The product is filtered on a large Buchner funnel, washed with a small quantity of alcohol-free ether, f and dried by drawing air through the filter cake. Theoretical yield 170 g. actual yield 80 to 95 g. (47 to 55 per cent of theory). 

A solution containing 442 g of N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-hydroxypropylamine in 5 L of chloroform was saturated with dry gaseous hydrogen chloride. 400 ml of thionyl chloride were then added to the chloroform solution at a rate sufficient to maintain reflux. The solution was refluxed an additional 5 h. Evaporation of the chloroform and other volatile constituents in vacuo yielded N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-chloropropylamine hydrochloride which was collected by filtration, and the filter cake washed twice with 1500 ml portions of acetone. The washed crystals weighed about 500 g and melted at 181°-183°C with decomposition. An additional 30 g of compound were obtained from the acetone wash by standard crystallization procedures. The structure of the above compound was verified by NMR and titration. 

The first way. A mixture of 1.65 g of 14-iodo-N-trifluoroacetyldaunomycin, prepared and purified according to the procedure of Arcamone et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,803,124, and 1.37 g of sodium valerate in 165 ml of anhydrous acetone was heated at reflux for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered, and the filter cake was washed with anhydrous acetone until the washings were no longer colored. The combined filtrate and washings were evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with a 1 1 mixture of water and chloroform (total volume 200 ml), and the aqueous layer was separated and discarded. The chloroform extract was washed twice with cold water, once with aqueous pH 7 buffer, and finally with saturated aqueous sodium chloride. The chloroform solution was... 

Equilibrium saturation of the cake, = w /w,, will initially depend on the physical properties of the filter cake. They are characterized by a, e, and K. represents the contact angle (degree of wettability) and K any other grain parameters such as roughness and so on. Furthermore, the physical properties of the wash liquid (density, p, and surface tension, o) and, finally, centrifugal acceleration, b, as process parameter will be of importance ... 

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