SAS Statistics Software

Principal component analysis was performed on the lengths, widths and thicknesses of each size- and shape-sorted fraction using the PRINCOMP procedure of the SAS statistical software package (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, USA). A list of the procedures used is given in Fig 2. The output obtained comprises a statistical analysis for each individual variate, a correlation matrix for the variates, scatter plots for each variate against each of the others in addition to the eigenvectors and eigenvalues. 

SAS has always had and will maintain a central role in the data management, analysis, and reporting of clinical trial data. Because of the strong suite of SAS statistical procedures and the power of Base SAS programming, SAS remains a favorite of statisticians for the analysis of clinical trial data. Several companies have built their clinical trial data management and statistical analysis systems entirely with SAS software. More recently, SAS has offered SAS Drug Development as an industry solution that provides a comprehensive clinical trial analysis and reporting environment compliant with 21 CRF-Part 11. 

Statistical Analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of toxicity data was conducted using SAS/STAT software (version 8.2 SAS Institute, Cary, NC). All toxicity data were transformed (square root, log, or rank) before ANOVA. Comparisons among multiple treatment means were made by Fisher s LSD procedure, and differences between individual treatments and controls were determined by one-tailed Dunnett s or Wilcoxon tests. Statements of statistical significance refer to a probability of type 1 error of 5% or less (p s 0.05). Median lethal concentrations (LCjq) were determined by the Trimmed Spearman-Karber method using TOXSTAT software (version 3.5 Lincoln Software Associates, Bisbee, AZ). 

Data Analysis. Unless otherwise mentioned, SAS software (7) was used to analyze suspensibility data and generate empirical equations. SAS (Statistical Analysis System) is a widely used data-analysis system that comprises a group of computer programs which are integrated in a way that allows efficient execution of numerous statistical routines. 

The statistical software systems used for analysis of clitucal trial data can range from custom programs for specific statistical techniques to COTS packages. Such packages (e g, the SAS system, SPSS, S-Plus) provide the user with a library of statistical procedures (e.g., analysis of variance, regression, generahzed linear modelling, nonparametric methods) which can be accessed either by... 

Statistical Analysis The juice composition, as individual amino acids, free amino nitrogen and ratios of certain amino acids and groups of them were entered into a principal component analysis (PCA) using the SAS (Cary, NC) statistical software. The ratios considered were based on the thinking that relative proportions within the amino pool, rather than absolute quantities between alternative substrates might be related to the level of sulfide formation. 

Commonly used statistical software includes Tox-Stat (West, Inc., USA), SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA), and various US EPA provided programs. 

The Arrhenius form of the parameters are used, i.e., ki=Aie, Ki=Aje, and the exponent % were estimated using the nonlinear regression software package SAS (Statistical Analysis Software). The Proc Model (with Marquardt-Levenberg method) and Fit Procedures in SAS were used for this purpose. The results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2. 

The statistical software package SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, U.S.A.) has a module [PROC MIXED (10)], which analyzes mixed effects models and provides estimates for both the fixed (shifts on the mean) and random effects (variance components estimates). 

Statistical analysis demonstrates which input parameters are important contributors to output parameters [10]. IMP statistical software (SAS, Cary, NC) can be used to analyze data and generate separate analyses for each response variable of interest [61]. A difference of 3 SDs often is selected as the criterion for signihcance corresponding to a 95% conhdence level [61], and the test acceptance criteria range typically are set as the mean plus/minus 3 SDs (industry standard) [91]. 

Most statistical software packages (SAS, SPSS, and MiniTab) will print the diagonals of the hat matrix, H = X(X X) X. Below is the MiniTab version. Table 8.27 presents the actual data, the values, and the 5r. values. 

In addition to these ranking functions, we can also consider using various functions available in external statistical software packages such as R, Excel, SAS, and so on. In that case, the first method can be used, or it is possible to implement a wrapper function that has the prototype as in the second method and performs a filtering operation. 

Recent advances in statistical software have brought the use of hierarchical linear models and stochastic regression models into easy reach. PROC MIXED in the SAS software package (SAS Institute, Inc.) and BMDP 5V in the Biomedi-... 

There are two kinds of programs that help the experimenter formulate and analyze designed experiments. The first kind are the major statistics software packages, such as IMP (SAS Institute) and Statistica (StatSoft), which contain many kinds of statistical tools in different modules, one of which is DOE. These are general purpose programs of very broad applicability, often used by company statisticians. They can also be used by nonspecialists, but can be challenging to learn. For companies that will make use of many of their modules, they are effort-efficient. 

Specialized software packages began to appear in specific areas, such as SAS (SAS, 1982) and BMDP (Dixon, 1975) in statistics and MLAB (Knott, 1979) in curve fitting. 

All the viscoelastic measurements were carried out in the Rheometrics Dynamic Spectrometer RDS-770 at a frequency of 1Hz, a strain of 0.1%, and a temperature range of -140° to 140°C incremented every 2 degrees. The Texas Instrument Terminal Silent 700 was tapped to provide a hookup to an IBM 308X main frame computer located some miles away. The output of the Rheometrics unit was converted to a data file to be used in conjuc-tion with SAS (1). All statistical manipulations, software developments, and the necessary graphics that are reported here were carried out with the aid of SAS. 

A further honing of proof quantification comes from the concept of application. Software can be broadly defined as standard (widely used, as with an operating system), customized [the multiple site development of a shell defined and written from a standard program, such as the development of a statistical analysis system (SAS) in a C-based language]. 

JMP7 Statistical Discovery Software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). 

Perform statistical analysis utilizing repeated measures ANOVA (JMP software, Version 5 from SAS Institute, Cary, NC) to evaluate the treatment effects on tumor growth. Compare tumor weight measurements between treatment groups utilizing one-way ANOVA. 

SAS Institute. 2002. Statistical analysis software [computer program]. Version 8. Cary (NC) SAS. 

SAS software SAS An integrated system of software products for statistical analysis (http //... 

SPSS www.sas. c om/technologies/analytics/stadstics/stat/) IBM A computer program used for data mining and statistical analysis (http // www-01. ibm.com/software/ analytics/spss/)... 

Sleep-wake cycle analysis is performed off-line using specialized commercially available software (Eclipse and Rats ), and the statistical analysis and data presentation using SAS software. 

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