Samples wet ashing

Urine Sample wet ashed, treated with HN03 and h2o2 a -Liquid scintillation 0.7 pCi/125 cm3 95% at 0.01-1,000 nCi Guilmette and Bay 1981... 

Urine Sample wet ashed, purified by solvent extraction Liquid scintillation 14 pCi/100 cm3 96% at 20,000 dpm spike Ham et al. 1977... 

Soft tissue Sample wet ashed, spiked with 243Am, purified by anion exchange, solvent extraction, and electrodeposition a -Spectrometry No data 98% Mclnroy et al. 1985... 

Soft tissue Spiked sample wet ashed, treated with HN03/H202, purified by A-CU column, anion exchange, TRU-spec column, and electrodeposition a -Spectrometry No data 53% Qu et al. 1998... 

Sample wet ashed, coprecip1tated with Fe-hydroxide, cleaned up by complexation and solvent extracted and electrodeposited. 

Sample wet ashed, enrichment on anion exchange column, purification by solvent extraction Fluorometric (total uranium) 0.1 pg/L 75% at 0.1-100 pg/L Dupzyk and Dupzyk 1979... 

Bone ash Spiked sample wet ashed cleanup by solvent extraction and electrodeposition a-Spectrometry (isotopic quantification) 0.4 pg/kg for 238U >95% Fisenne et al. 1980... 

Urine Coprecipitation with calcium phosphate sample wet ashed with nitric acid extraction and separation on Crown ether loaded chromatographic column LSC 7 dpm/L (0.82 Bq/L or 22 pCi/L) 95 5 Dietz et al. 1991... 

Fluids freeze-dried, tissue homogenized in Teflon ball-mill samples wet-ashed in sealed vessels for analysis. These elements are present at the mg/liter level or higher in biological samples and can be handled quite well by the technique. 

Samples which are viscous (e.g. oils, blood, blood serum) require dilution with a solvent, or alternatively must be wet ashed before the sample can be nebulised. 

Byrne AR, and Kucera J (1991) Radiochemical neutron activation analysis of traces of vanadium in biological samples A comparison of prior dry ashing with post-irradiation wet ashing. Fresenius f Anal Chem 340 48-52. 

Using the slurry-method and GF-AAS in Cu, Cr, Fe and Pb were determined in various pine needle samples, using NIST SRM 1575 Pine needles slurry as calibrant. Comparison of the obtained results showed good agreement with wet ashing (Carrion et al. 1988). 

Urine Sample cleaned-up by coprecipitation, treated with HN03 and H202, wet ashed Biphasic liquid scintillation 1 pCi/200 cm3 84% Bomben et al. 1994... 

Blood and urine Wet ashing of sample with HN03, complexation with diphenylthio-carbazone, and extraction with chloroform Spectrophotometry (NIOSH method P CAM 102) 30 pg/L (blood) 12 pg/L (urine) 97 97 NIOSH 1977a... 

Urine Wet ashing of sample with acid mixture and dissolution in dilute HCI04 ASV with mercury-graphite electrode (Method P CAM 200) 4 pg/L 90-110 NIOSH 1977e... 

Brain Wet ashing of sample with mixture of acids, mixing with Metex and analysis ASV No data No data Jason and Kellogg 1981... 

Hair Cleaning of sample with hexane, ethanol, and water wet ashing with HNQ3 and H202 ICP/AES No data No data Thatcher et al. 1982... 

Tissues. Lead has been quantified in a variety of tissues, including liver, kidney, brain, heart, lung, muscle, and testes. Techniques for measuring lead in tissues are similar to those used for blood and urine. When AAS, GFAAS, or ASV are used for analysis, the samples may be wet ashed, digested with acid, or bomb digested (Blakley and Archer 1982 Blakley et al. 1982 Ellen and Van Loon 1990 Exon et... 

Some rare-earth fluoride samples had been wet-ashed incompletely with the three mixed acids and some gave low results. These samples, now containing pyridine, were reprocessed by addition of more acids and slow evaporation on a hot-plate. One of the samples frothed up and then exploded violently. Pyridinium perchlorate seems likely to have been involved. 

In another procedure [522] the sample of seawater (0.5-3 litres) is filtered through a membrane-filter (pore size 0.7 xm) which is then wet-ashed. The nickel is separated from the resulting solution by extraction as the dimethylglyoxime complex and is then determined by its catalysis of the reaction of Tiron and diphenylcarbazone with hydrogen peroxide, with spectrophotometric measurement at 413 nm. Cobalt is first separated as the 2-nitroso-1-naphthol complex, and is determined by its catalysis of the oxidation of alizarin by hydrogen peroxide at pH 12.4. Sensitivities are 0.8 xg/l (nickel) and 0.04 xg/l (cobalt). 

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