Sample Design Reports

Samples of design reports are available in the libraries and repositories of technical reports maintained by companies and universities. In a few cases, they are available by Interlibrary Loan for example, the design reports prepared by students at the University of Pennsylvania since 1993. Note that titles of the problem statements that led to these reports are reproduced in Appendix II of this textbook, with full problem statements included in the file. Design Problem Statements.pdf, on the CD-ROM that accompanies this textbook. 

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Walk-up capability could be provided for customers by robots which could read procedures and sample designations from bar codes and perform and report the corresponding analyses. 

The form of the printed output varies from a simple paper tape with retention times and areas (perhaps followed by calculated concentrations) up through a fairly complete report which adds a sample designation, peak compound names, and so on. The results shown on a 2-inch paper tape are adequate for laboratory use, but may require transcription to a final report and typing by a secretary. These steps introduce the possibility of clerical... 

The advantage of simplicity is illustrated in the design reported by Pettiti et al. (1999) this was assembled mostly with commercial parts. The cell allowed thermal treatments at temperatures up to 823 K, in either a reducing or oxidizing atmosphere, and it could be used in transmission and fluorescence modes of detection. The body of the cell was a stainless steel six-way cross. One flange of the cross carried the heater and the opposite flange the sample holder. The heater was a simple design of Ni—Cr wire wrapped around a silica cylinder. The sample holder was... 

In the last 20 years atomic spectroscopy has made great strides, particularly with the introduction of new improved optic designs and detection methods. These improvements have led to superior resolution of the wavelengths of the excited atoms and detection techniques measuring lower levels of metals with ease. After a slow and problematic start, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) has become an established technique in most laboratories analysing a wide range of sample matrices reporting accurate and precise results. 

Historically, reagents were designed to consume and transform analytes. Reagents, therefore, are not reusable. They are suited for batch analysis in which the transformed analyte is easier to analyze and quantitate. There is a time-lag between sampling and reporting of the result. This approach is expensive in terms of time, material and labor. 

The lOS Box Corer. Note SWL, safe working load. (Data from Peters, R.D. et al.. The lOS Box Corer Its design, development, operation and sampling, lOS Report No. 106, Unpublished manuscript, 1980.)... 

Community activity in the nuclear field is based on the provisions of the Euratom Treaty of 1958. This treaty and developments from it have been primarily concerned with promoting nuclear research and development. Although there has also been activity in the field of design safety criteria, worker and public dose limits and responses to incidents, after Chernobyl the Community found, for example, that it had no provisions in any existing Directives specifying limits to the radioactive content of foodstuffs. Furthermore, the Commission s attempts to coordinate a Community response after Chernobyl showed that there were major differences in sampling practices, reporting of results, etc., between member countries which made harmonisation of responses difficult. 

The photographs in this section are illustrations of clinkers examined and interpreted by this writer, with emphasis on the use of Ono s interpretive table (Table 6-1). It is important to note that individual photographs may not depict all the microscopic features normally associated with the stated interpretation of kiln conditions, the interpretation having been drawn from the results of several techniques of examination and study of several clinkers in the sample. Designations such as 42.8 MPa in the photomicrograph captions indicate reported 28-day mortar-cube strength. 

Future work needs to be done on more samples with exposure to determine the rate that the interfacial shear strength degrades. In addition, testing needs to be done to confirm the as-received value determined here against woik of others to resolve if there are any issues between materials reported or if it is a material lot effect. This effort should also be expanded to additional material systems to confirm that the sample design can be used more widely. In addition, to make the data more definitive, the other side of the sanqrle should be reviewed to prove conclusively that the fiber was not only pushed in but that is was also pushed out. 

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