Salmonella typhimurium lipid

Gibbons, H.S., Lin, S., Cotter, R.J., Raetz, C.R.H. Oxygen requirement for the biosynthesis of the S-2-hydroxymyristate moiety in Salmonella typhimurium lipid A. Function of LpxO, a new Fe /alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase homologue. J Biol Chem 275 (2000) 32940-32949. 

Tran, A., Lester, M., Stead, C., Raetz, C., Maskell, D., McGrath, S., Cotter, R., Trent, M. Resistance to the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin requires myristoylation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium lipid A. J Biol Chem 280 (2005) 28186-28194. 

Using PTLC six major fractions of lipids (phospholipids, free sterols, free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, methyl esters, and sterol esters) were separated from the skin lipids of chicken to smdy the penetration responses of Schistosoma cercaria and Austrobilharzia variglandis [79a]. To determine the structure of nontoxic lipids in lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella typhimurium, monophosphoryl lipids were separated from these lipids using PTLC. The separated fractions were used in FAB-MS to determine [3-hydroxymyristic acid, lauric acid, and 3-hydroxymyristic acids [79b]. 

Most of the bacterial viruses which have been studied in any detail infect bacteria of the enteric group, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. However, viruses are known that infect a variety of procaryotes, both eubacteria and archaebacteria. A few bacterial viruses have lipid envelopes but most do not. However,... 

Salmonella typhimurium mutant.136-149 The defect of this mutant lies in the apparent KM (D-arabinose 5-phosphate) of its KDO 8-phosphate synthetase (compare this Section, 2). This KM increases more than 25-fold between 29 and 42°, so that the cells become increasingly dependent on exogenously supplied D-arabinose 5-phosphate as the growth temperature is raised. Cessation of LPS biosynthesis under nonper-missive conditions is accompanied by the accumulation of a KDO-de-ficient, precursor molecule.149 Lehmann150 and Rick and coworkers151 described studies directed at the isolation and chemical characterization of such lipid A precursors (for example, 133, Scheme 39). The... 

C. R. H. Raetz, in C. Neidhardt, J. 1. Ingraham, K. Brooks Low, B. Magasanik, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger (Eds.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium Cellular and Molecular Biology Structure and Biosynthesis of Lipid A, p. 498. American Society of Microbiologists, Washington DC, 1987. 

On the other hand, Boons et al. demonstrated the synthesis of Rhizobium sin-1 lipid A derivatives [96, 97], E. coli hexaacylated and Salmonella typhimurium hep-taacylated lipid A [98], tetraacylated derivatives of lipid A from Porphyromonas gingivalis [99], and lipid A derivatives and KDO-linked lipid A of Neisseria meningitidis [100],... 

Guo, L., Lim, K.B., Gunn, J.S., Bainbridge, B., Darveau, R.P., Hackett, M., Miller, S.I. Regulation of lipid A modifications by Salmonella typhimurium virulence genes phoP-phoQ. Science 276 (1997) 250-253. 

Kawasaki, K., Ernst, R.K., Miller, S.I. 3-O-deacylation of lipid A by PagL, a PhoP/PhoQ-regulated deacylase of Salmonella typhimurium, modulates signaling through Toll-like receptor 4. J Biol Chem 279 (2004) 20044-20048. 

Reynolds, C.M., Ribeiro, A.A., McGrath, S.C., Cotter, R.J., Raetz, C.R., Trent, M.S. An outer membrane enzyme encoded by Salmonella typhimurium lpxR that removes the 3 -acyloxyacyl moiety of lipid A. J Biol Chem 281 (2006) 21974-21987. 

Qureshi, N., Takayama, K., Ribi, E. Purification and structural determination of nontoxic lipid A obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella typhimurium. J Biol Chem 257 (1982) 11808-11815. 

Helander, I., Kilpelainen, I., Vaara, M. Increased substitution of phosphate groups in lipopolysac-charides and lipid A of the polymyxin-resistant pmrA mutants of Salmonella typhimurium a 31P-NMR study. Mol Microbiol 11 (1994) 481—487. 

Stinavage, P., Martin, L., Spitznagel, J. O antigen and lipid A phosphoryl groups in resistance of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 to nonoxidative killing in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Infect Immun 57 (1989) 3894-3900. 

Trent, M., Pabich, W., Raetz, C., Miller, S. A PhoP/PhoQ-induced Lipase (PagL) that catalyzes 3-O-deacylation of lipid A precursors in membranes of Salmonella typhimurium. J Biol Chem 276 (2001a) 9083-9092. 

Zhou, Z., Lin, S., Cotter, R., Raetz, C. lipid A modifications characteristic of Salmonella typhimurium are induced by NH4V03 in Escherichia coli K12. Detection of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose, phosphoethanolamine and palmitate. J Biol Chem 274 (1999) 18503-18514. 

Qureshi, N., Takayama, K., Ribi, E. Purification and structural determination of non-toxic lipid-A from lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella typhimurium. J Biol Chem 257 (1982) 11808-11815. Raetz, C.R., Whitfield, C. Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. Annu Rev Biochem 71 (2002) 635-700. Reed, S.G., Bertholet, S., Coler, R.N., Friede, M. New horizons in adjuvants for vaccine development. Trends Immunol 30 (2009) 23-32. 

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