Sagittal Bands

Purkinje cells in certain parts of rat and guinea pig cerebellum, including the lobules IX and X of the caudal vermis, display a transient reactivity for AChE, which disappears later. AChE was localized in adult Purkinje cells of the lobules IX and X (Robertson et al., 1991) these cells are arranged in multiple, sagittal bands (Gorenstein et al., 1987). Robertson et al. (1991), however, were unable to confirm the transient staining with AChE in rat Purkinje cells. 

Gorenstein C, Bundman MC, Bruce JL, Rotter A (1987) Neuronal localization of pseudocholinesterase in rat cerebellum sagittal bands of Purkinje cells in the nodulus and uvula. Brain Res.. 418, 68-75,... 

Hawkes R, Leclerc N (1987) Antigenic map of the rat cerebellar cortex the distribution of sagittal bands as revealed by monoclonal anti-Purkinje cell antibody mabQl 13. J. Comp. Neurol, 256, 29-41. 

Hawkes R, Colonnier M, Leclerc N (1985) Monoclonal antibodies reveal sagittal banding in the rodent cerebellar cortex. Brain Res., 333, 359-365. 

Reaction product in transverse sections was present in narrow striations reaching from the AChE-negative Purkinje cell somata to the pial surface in sagittal sections the distribution of AChE was more uniform. The same banding pattern could be visualized in adult cats, with AChE-histochemistry on aldehyde-fixed tissue (Brown and Graybiel,... 

Fig. 130. Schematic summary of cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSADCase)-positive sagittal microzones or bands in mouse cerebellum. The bands are clearest in the anterior lobe and the vermis, less sharply defined in the hemispheres (dense stipple), and most difficult to discern in the paraflocculus and flocculus (light stipple), because of intense CSADCase reactivity in most Purkinje cells. The dentate (D), interpositus (I), fastigial (F), and lateral vestibular nuclei (LVN) contain numerous CSADCase-positive cells. Chan-Palay et al. (1982b).

Leclerc N, Schwarting G, Herrup K, Hawkes R, Yamamoto M (1992) Compartmentation in mammalian cerebellum Zebrin II and P-path antibodies define three classes of sagittally organized bands of Purkinje... 

Matsushita M, Ragnarson B, Grant G (1991) Topographic relationship between sagittal Purkinje cell bands revealed by a monoclonal antibody to zebrin I and spinocerebellar projections arising from the central cervical nucleus in the rat. Exp. Brain Res., 84, 133-141. 

In most materials, however, the modification of the forces at the surface is such that the surface localized modes have frequencies which lie below the frequencies of an associated bulk band with the same symmetry they have the appearance of having been peeled down from this bulk band [24]. In the usual case, the lowest energy of all these peeled -down modes derives from the bulk transverse acoustic band and is normally sagittally polarized. This dispersion branch is called the Rayleigh wave (RW) because it was predicted by Lord Rayleigh from continuum wave theory over a century ago [38]. Helium atom scattering experiments on virtually every material so far investigated have detected the RW on clean crystalline surfaces. 

FIGURE 51.5 The left (thick lines) and right (thin lines) sagittal lower extremity kinetics for a six-year-old child with cerebral palsy, left spastic hemiplegia. Also shown are shaded bands that indicate one standard deviation about normal mean values. (Reproduced from Ounpuu, S., Gage, J.R., and Davis, R.B., /. Pediatr. Orthop., 11, 341, 1991. With permission.)... 

Chan-Palay V., Palay S L, Li C, and Wu J -Y (1982d) Sagittal cerebellar micro-bands of taurine neurons, Immunocytochemical demonstration by using antibodies against the taurine-synthesizing enzyme cysteine sulfmic acid decarboxylase Proc, Natl Acad, Sa, USA 79, 4221-4225... 

Fig. 34.1 Preoperative T2-gradient-recaiied echo MRI of the knee in the coronal plane (a) and the sagittal plane (b). The images show the very high-signal bands of the physes (no drop-out signs) [19]...

V/e pass now to investigate the effects of the bulk parametrization. In Fig. 12 are presented the surface phonons for Pt by using the (1C) model for a slab formed by 65 atomic planes. The full lines in the A and Z directions refer to modes polarized in the sagittal plane defined by the momentum Q and the normal to the surface. In the Y direction the full lines refer to modes that, on the surface, are polarized in a plane with Miller indices (l,-1,0). The dashed lines in the A and I directions are relative to Shear Horizontal modes. In Fig. 13 are reported the calculations for the (4CA) model. As one can clearly see the use of the (1C) model deeply modify the surface phonon spectrum with respect to the (4CA) model. The band width of all the branches and the relative gaps are, in the (1C) case, too narrow with respect to the experimental values determined from neutron data. Furthermore the shape of the branches is very crytical to the value of the force constant g. In this case the results are strongly model-dependent. We want to stress that the modification in the branches by the use of the (lC) model with respect to the use of the (4CA) model are more pronounced than in the bulk case. This Indicate that it is necessary to have a very good parametrization of the bulk properties in order to study surface dynamics. In Figs. 14, 15, 16 are drawn the surface phonons for noble metals. 

From lateral to medial, the deep layer of anterior muscles includes the rectus femoris, the iliopsoas and the pectineus (Fig. 12.2). The rectus femoris muscle has three separate proximal tendons direct (straight), indirect and reflected. The direct tendon originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine and continues down into a superficial aponeurosis which covers the anterior aspect of the proximal muscle (superficial aponeurosis) the indirect tendon arises from the superior acetabular ridge and forms a sagittal-oriented band (central aponeurosis) that is located inside the proximal muscle belly the thin reflected tendon is directed more medially to merge... 

Fig. 13.6a-c Rectus femoris muscle, a-c Transverse 12-5 MHz US images obtained at the (a) proximal, (b) middle and (c) distal thirds of the muscle demonstrate the central aponeurosis (straight arrow) as a comma-shaped, sharply delineated hyperechoic band oriented in the sagittal plane and located in the superficial portion of the cranial two thirds (a,b) of the muscle. In a, note the superficial aponeurosis (arrowhead) as a fascial thickening on the anterior aspect of the muscle. In c, the central aponeurosis is no longer appreciated whereas the distal aponeurosis (curved arrow) becomes visible along the posterior boundary of the muscle. VI, vastus intermedius F, femoral shaft... 

---