Safety management system activities

Monitoring safety management systems >- Active monitoring - tours and inspections, health surveillance or air quality sampling >- Reactive monitoring - investigating safety events, reports, etc. 

The key steps in the audit process are outlined according to preaudit ac tivities, audit activities, and postaudit activities in Fig. 26-12. These activities are described in detail in Guidelines for Auditing Process Safety Management Systems (CCSP, 1993) and will be only briefly discussed in this sec tion. 

To expand process safety management to these activities, you should first identify how each PSM element relates to the new activity, as shown in Figure 9-1. You can then determine how the existing PSM systems must be modified. For example, you may find that most elements of PSM should be installed in R D, so that pilot plant activities employ the same safety management systems as production. 

As the chemical process industries have developed more sophisticated ways to improve process safety, we have seen the introduction of safety management systems to augment process safety engineering activities. ... 

Using the 7-stage protocol, the previous accidents can be explained and causal weaknesses in the safety management system of the company can be identified, i.e. the identified latent conditions on the tactical and operational control levels. To test the working of the developed protocol further, in the next Chapter practice will be approached from hindsight to verify whether other accidents can also be explained. If this is a success, practice will be approached pro-actively. 

In the previous Chapter it was shown that the developed protocol for analysis identified the ineffective control elements causing the precursors prior to accidents. However, due to the lack of detailed accident information the conclusions were limited. To perform the analysis, using the developed 7-stage protocol pro-actively (before any accident occurs), cases have to be selected on which the analysis can be performed and from which reliable and generic conclusions about safety indicators and the performance of current safety management systems can be obtained. The next sub-Section will discuss the selection criteria to select suitable cases. 

This optional attachment is used to promote continuous improvement of the entire safety management system. It is a checklist for anyone to use as a guide when auditing incident investigation activity. The facility from which this example was derived includes a similar checklist for each safe work practice at the site. 

The CCPS s process safety management system approach that uses risk-based strategies and implementation tactics that are commensurate with the risk-based need for process safety activities, availability of resources, and existing process safety culture to design, correct, and improve process safety management activities. 

Chapter 3—Process Safety Management Metrics commonly used in process safety management systems including leading, lagging, and near miss and activity and outcome, external and internal metrics as well as characteristics of successful metrics... 

Both active and passive safeguards can be defeated through inadequate safety management systems. A safety management system is the most efficient way to... 

The polarised safe/unsafe of the legislative lexicon has unsurprisingly become embedded in organisational safety management practices and safety management systems. Binary evaluations of safety are therefore also found at the heart of various safety management activities, such as risk assessments and site inspections, and so have considerable influence on the construction of safety in practice. 

Risk and risk assessment are one of the fundamental ways safety and unsafety is managed on UK construction sites, and are prescribed by law. The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (1999) require that risks associated with any work activity are assessed before work starts. Risk assessments form the basis of many Health and Safety Regulations, and a standardised format and prescribed approach to the process often forms part of the safety management system toolkit in the establishment of safe systems of work. ... 

Maraqa, M. A., Mohamed, A. O. (2013). Key drivers for successful safety management system of construction activities in Abu Dhabi Emirate. International Journal of Advanced Fire, Explosive, Environment Sefety and Disaster Management, 7(1), 1-17. 

The comprehensive safety-management system includes the activation of the following safety systems and special measures ... 

But, seldom do safety management systems specifically address severe injury potential. Thus, to properly address that potential and to give it the priority consideration needed, safety practitioners must add an element within their safety management systems to undertake distinct activities to seek those hazards that present severe injury or damage potential. 

It must be recognized that the Safety Lifecycle and associated Safety Instrumented Systems need to be part of an overall Process Safety Management System (PSM) for the entire plant. PSM can be defined as a program or set of activities involving the application of management principles and analyses to ensure the overall process safety of process plants. PSM, therefore, covers aU aspects of process safety, not just functional safety. 

Safety forecasting is the activity a manager carries out to estimate the probability, frequency, and severity of accidents that may occur in a future time span. Safety forecasting is risk assessment. This is usually done by means of physical risk assessment, critical task identification, and task risk assessment. It also entails estimating the effects of risk reduction brought about by a stable safety management system. Hazard and operability studies are part of this function. 

Safety departments should be professional. Their responsibility is to advise management and coordinate the activities of an ongoing safety management system. They cannot improve the safety by accepting responsibility for safety. They should not directly try to influence behaviors of employees. Only management can do that. Traditional safety is a thing of the past. New approaches are needed by safety staff if they are to assist in the safety culture change process. 

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