Saddles costs

Cost of the packing and its effect on the system costs must be considered, as some packings are much more expensive than others, yet produce very little improved performance. Table 9-17 presents some comparative information. The most common packings and hence the ones with the most available data are Raschig rings, Berl saddles, several saddle types and Pall Rings (Norton Co.) or equivalent. 

Raschig rings are cheaper per unit volume than Pall rings or saddles but are less efficient, and the total cost of the column will usually be higher if Raschig rings are specified. For new columns, the choice will normally be between Pall rings and Berl or Intalox saddles. 

Ostwald, P. F. Engineering Cost Estimating, 3rd ed. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ (1992). 

Frequency calculation, while costly, is now routine. Except for very low frequencies (where experimental data are often uncertain) even procedures which require numerical differentiation are sufficiently precise. The only pitfall is to make certain that the structure is at a stationary point, that is, an energy minimum or a saddle point. 

Viewed from the other side, one can consider the alternative. If there were no possibility of exclusivity, what inducement would exist for the full disclosure of one s invention If the invention had any value at all, the full disclosure in the absence of exclusivity would prompt a great deal of copying by others not saddled with the cost of research and development. In such a scenario, there would be little inducement for research and even less inducement for disclosure of the research the things most likely to be disclosed would be those with the least value. As a result of these considerations, the system works best when the equation is balanced.1... 

Costs for vessel (January, 1990—Including nozzles, manholes, and saddle or skirt but no special internals such as trays or agitators) as dollars per pound of weight of fabricated unit f.o.b. with carbon steel as the cost basis = 80O ) 0-34 where W is the total weight in pounds (applicable in Wv range of 800 lb to 100,000 lb). 

Back-mix reactor design, 721, 728 Baffles in heat exchangers, 595, 610-612 pressure drop over, 599-602, 605-606 Bailee s liahihty, 263 Balance sheet, 140-142 Barometric-leg pumps, 523 Batch operation versus continuous, 35-36 Batch-reactor design, 721-727 Battery-limit additions, definition of, 167 Berl saddles, 688-690 cost of 710... 

Incremental investments, 315-329 Index name, 893 subject, 897 Indexes, cosf 163-166 Indirect costs, 210 in capital investments, 160, 167 Inflation, 295 strategy for, 408-413 tax effects on, 410-413 Informal reports, definition of 453- 454 Infringements of patents, 102 Installation costs for equipmenf 171-172 Instrumentation cost of 172-173, 812-814 plant requirements for, 97 Insulation cost of 172 for pipe, 513 Insurance, 262-265 as a cost, 253, 262 cost of 205, 210 Intalox saddles, 688, 690, 694 cost of 710 Interest ... 

---