Sabatier-Senderens’hydrogenation

SABATIER-SENDERENS REDUCTION. Catalytic hydrogenation of organic compounds in the vapor phase by passage over hot, finely divided nickel (the oldest of all hydrogenation methods). 

The use of nickel as a catalyst has been investigated by Ipatiew, Sabatier, Senderens, Maillie and many others. According to Mailhe the conversion of alcohols into aldehydes and hydrogen must he regarded as a reversible process in the presence of nickel catalyst,... 

Sabatier-Senderens process A method of hydrogenating unsaturated vegetable oils to make margarine, using hydrogen and a nickel catalyst. It is named for the French chemists Paul Sabatier (1854-1941) and Jean-Baptiste Senderens (1856-1937). See also hardening. 

In terms of hydrogenation, the Sabatier-Senderens reduction has been extensively modified, as shown by the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (or process), the Adkins Catalyst, and Raney-Nickel Catalyst. In addition, the silica black-supported nickel catalyst, and nickel-based complex reducing agents (Nic, e.g. NaH-RONa-Ni(OAc)2), have also been developed, the latter is a heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst that works at atmospheric pressure. 

Sabatier-Senderens process A process for the hydrogenation of an organic compound such as an unsamrated fat and used to produce margarine. It uses hydrogen gas and a nickel catalyst at around 150 C. The process Is named after 1912 Nobel Prize wiimer Paul Sabatier (1854- 1941)and lean-Baptiste Senderens (1856 1937). 

Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis The best-known technology for producing hydrocarbons from synthesis gas is the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. This technology was first demonstrated in Germany in 1902 by Sabatier and Senderens when they hydrogenated carbon monoxide (CO) to methane, using a nickel catalyst. In 1926 Fischer and Tropsch were awarded a patent for the discovery of a catalytic technique to convert synthesis gas to liquid hydrocarbons similar to petroleum. 

In 1897, Sabatier and Senderens ( ) made a pioneering study of the use of a nickel as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of ethylene (ethene) to ethane. This investigation led to the award of the Nobel Prize to Sabatier in 1912. Since that time the importance of heterogeneous catalysts has continued to increase greatly, decade by decade, extending the boundaries of laboratory chemical researches and promoting new and more cost-effective processes within the chemical industry (2). The correct choice of a catalyst allows a desired reaction to proceed under milder conditions of temperature and pressure than would be... 

The introduction by Raney (1927) of a new form of catalyst (the Raney nickel catalyst) with enhanced activity for hydrogenation at low pressures and temperatures in comparison with the usual form of nickel catalyst as employed by Sabatier and Senderens opened up a new field of controlled catalytic hydrogenation. A special alloy, prepared essentially by the fusion of approximately equal parts of aluminium and nickel at 1200-1500 °C, is treated with alkali which dissolves the aluminium and leaves the nickel as a finely-divided black suspension. The catalyst is thoroughly washed to free it from alkali, is stored under absolute ethanol in an air-free container and is measured in the... 

Although the hydrogenation of hydrogen cyanide to methylamine was achieved as early as 1863 (Debus, 1), the history of modern catalytic hydrogenation began in 1897 with the discovery by Paul Sabatier and R. Senderens of the vapor phase hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds over a nickel catalyst (Sabatier and Senderens, 2). Sabatier has said that his interest in the action of nickel was provoked by the newly discovered Mond process for the purification of nickel by the formation and decomposition of nickel carbonyl. The capacity of nickel... 

Sabatier P, Senderens JB. Hydrogenation of CO over nickel to produce methane. Hebd Seances Acad Sci. 1902 134 514. 

The first metal catalyzed hydrocarbonylation was discovered by Sabatier and Senderens in 1902 who found that nickel catalyzed the reaction of CO and hydrogen (syngas) to give methane (Equation 1) ... 

Tlte first reports on heterogeneous CO hydrogenation over nickel catalysis to give methane were made in 1902 by Sabatier and Senderens. The reaction was carried out at normal pressure at 200-300 C [16]. 

Just over 100 years ago (1897), Sabatier and Senderens demonstrated that olehnic compounds could be reduced with hydrogen in the presence of nickel or other metallic catalyst. Shortly after, the German chemist Normann applied the process to unsaturated fatty materials. Parrial hydrogenation has since developed into a much-used process for modifying liquid oils from oilseeds or from fish (178). 

Sabatier and Senderens (59) conducted the first hydrogenation reaction in the vapor phase. In 1903, Normann (60) patented the liquid-phase hydrogenation process for oils. Later, Crossfield and Sons, a British company, purchased the patent. 

---