Rutin and ascorbic acid

Sun, S., Du, D., Zhou, Q., Leung, H.W. and Yeung, H.W. (2001) Quantitative analysis of rutin and ascorbic acid in compound rutin tablets by near-infrared spectroscopy Anal. Sci. 17, 455 58. 

Ne gre-Salvayre A, Affany A, Hariton C, Salvayre R. Additional antilipoperoxidant activities of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on membranelike systems are potentiated by rutin. Pharmacology 1991 42 262-72. 

Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) aligned to ME has also been explored for the fast and simultaneous detection of prominent natural antioxidants including examples of flavonoids and ascorbic acid [25]. Determination involved the electrophoretic separation of arbutin, (-l-)-catechin, and ascorbic acid in less than 4 min as well as the separation of different couples of natural antioxidants of food significance such as (-l-)-catechin and ascorbic acid, (-l-)-catechin and rutin, or arbutin and phlorizdin. 

Flavonoids exhibit protective action against LDL oxidation. It has been shown [145] that the pretreatment of macrophages and endothelial cells with tea flavonoids such as theaflavin digallate diminished cell-mediated LDL oxidation probably due to the interaction with superoxide and the chelation of iron ions. Quercetin and epicatechin inhibited LDL oxidation catalyzed by mammalian 15-lipoxygenase, and are much more effective antioxidants than ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol [146], Luteolin, rutin, quercetin, and catechin suppressed copper-stimulated LDL oxidation and protected endogenous urate from oxidative degradation [147]. Quercetin was also able to suppress peroxynitrite-induced oxidative modification of LDL [148],... 

Paprika was imported to European countries from the Far East such as China and India. The first blossoming of paprika in science was in 1930 when the Nobel Prize winner, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi of Hungary discovered vitamin P (mixture of flavonoids hesperidin and rutin) with the antiscorbutic substance ascorbic acid, vitamin C [1-3]. 

By perturbations of the Bray-Liebhafsky system being in the stable steady state in the vicinity of a bifurcation point, we found the kinetic method for quantitative determination of several substances such as Cl, Br , I , Mn, malonic acid, quercetin, paracetamol, rutin, ascorbic acid, and others [17-22,98] with very low detection limit in comparison with other methods. 

Phytochemistry Fruits contain sugars, pectins, organic acids (citric, tartaric, malic, and salicylic), fiber, tannins, rutin, nicotinic acid, flavonoids, and vitamins C, P, B, A, PP, E, and K. The leaves and branches contain flavonoids, tannins and ascorbic, malic, oxahc and lactic acids (Nuraliev 1989 Kurochkin 1998 Gudej and Tomczyk 2004). 

Vitamin Bi (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin). Be (pyridoxine), B12 (cyanocobalamine), C (ascorbic acid), E (tocopherols), folic acid, pantothenic acid, K, K2, K3 (menadione), PP factor (nicotinamide), biotin Benzimidazole drugs, bromoisovalerylurea, cardiazol, chlorhexidine, dicoumarol, dulcin, isoniazid, 2-nitrofuran derivatives, parabens (4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters), phenacetin, phenylbutazone (and its metabolite oxyphenbutazone), propipocaine, quercetin, rutin, thiomersal (sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate)... 

Negre-Salvayre A, MabUe L, Delchambre J, Salvayre R. alpha-Tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and rutin inhibit synergistically the copper-promoted LDL oxidation and the cytotoxicity of oxidized LDL to cultured endothelial cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 1995 47 81 91. 

Rutin and several other flavonoid glycosides exhibit antioxidant properties and affect the flexibility and permeability of blood capillaries. Rutin (formerly vitamin P) is thus used in pharmaceutical preparations and food supplements. Together with other substances called bioflavonoids (see Section 5.15), rutin increases levels of ascorbic acid in various animal organs, either by protection against oxidation catalysed by metal ions, or by increased ascorbic acid utilisation in the body. Natural sources of ascorbic acid containing flavonoids (such as rosehips with a considerable amount of rutin) are thus more effective than synthetic vitamin C. A complex of rutin with iron causes dark discoloration of asparagus in tins, and the stannous complex of rutin is yeUow. 

Zeng, H. J., H. L. Liang, J. You, S. J. Li, G. H. Sui, and L. B. Qu. 2013. Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and rutin by flow-injection chemiluminescence method using partial least squares regression. Faguang Xuebao 34 369-374. 

Legnerova, Z., D. Satinsky, and P. Solich. 2003. Using on-line solid phase extraction for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and rutin trihydrate by sequential injection analysis. Anal. Chim. Acta 497 165-174. 

The effects of flavonoids on in vitro and in vivo lipid peroxidation have been thoroughly studied [123]. Torel et al. [124] found that the inhibitory effects of flavonoids on autoxidation of linoleic acid increased in the order fustin < catechin < quercetin < rutin = luteolin < kaempferol < morin. Robak and Gryglewski [109] determined /50 values for the inhibition of ascorbate-stimulated lipid peroxidation of boiled rat liver microsomes. All the flavonoids studied were very effective inhibitors of lipid peroxidation in model system, with I50 values changing from 1.4 pmol l-1 for myricetin to 71.9 pmol I 1 for rutin. However, as seen below, these /50 values differed significantly from those determined in other in vitro systems. Terao et al. [125] described the protective effect of epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, and quercetin on lipid peroxidation of phospholipid bilayers. 

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