Theaflavin-3,3 -digallate

TF = theaflavin TF3G = theaflavin-3-gallate TF3 G = theaflavin-3 -gallate TF3,3 G = theaflavin-3.3 -digallate. For other symbols see text. 

Several black tea derived polyphenols, including theaflavin-3,3 -digallate, can inhibit in vitro the growth of human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells at concentrations near 20 and theaflavin monogallates have in vitro inhibited growth of human colon cancer... 

Flavan-3-ols are key precursors of the quality-determining black tea pigments known as theaflavins, theafulvins, and thearubigins (139). The stability of major theaflavins (theaflavin, theaflavin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3 -gallate, theaflavin-3, 3 -digallate) during automated HPLC analysis was also evaluated due to the concern about the instability of aqueous extract of black... 

Pan MH, Lin-Shiau SY, Ho CT, Lin JH, Lin JK. 2000. Suppression of lipopolysacchar-ide-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activity by theaflavin-3,3 -digallate from black tea and other polyphenols through down-regulation of IkappaB kinase activity in macrophages. Biochem Pharmacol 59 357-367. 

Theaflavin-3,3 -digallate (polyphenol) Theaflavin-3-gallate (polyphenol)... 

Ukil, A., Maity, S., Das, P. K. (2006). Protection from experimental colitis by theaflavin-3,3 -digallate correlates with inhibition of IKK and NF-kappaB activation. Br. J. Pharmacol, 149, 121-131. 

Lin, J.K., Chen, PC., Ho, C.T., and Lin-Shiau, S.Y., Inhibition of xanthine oxidase and suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen species in HL-60 cells by theaflavin-3,3 -digallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and propyl gallate, J. Agric. Food. Chem., 48, 2736-2743, 2000. 

Liang, Y.C., et al.. Suppression of extracellular signals and cell proliferation by lack tea polyphenol, theaflavin-3,3 -digallate. Carcinogenesis, 20 (4), 733, 1999. 

Sang, S., Tian, S., Ihoo, 1. W., Wang, H., Stark, R. E., Rosen, R. T., Yang, C. S., and Ho, C.-T. 2003. Chemical studies of the antioxidant mechanism of theaflavins Radical reaction products of theaflavin 3,3 -digallate with hydrogen peroxide. Tetrahedron Lett. 44 5583-87. 

Theaflavins and EGCG inhibit xanthine oxidase (XO) to produce uric acid and also act as scavengers of superoxide. Theaflavin-3,3 -digallate (TF-3 figure 9.2) acts as a competitive inhibitor and is the most potent inhibitor of XO among the compounds examined it also inhibited superoxide production in HL-60 cells. It may be concluded that the antioxidative activity of tea polyphenols is due not only to their ability to scavenge superoxides but also to their ability to block XO and associated oxidative signal transducers. ... 

Chen, Y. C., Liang, Y. C., Lin-Shiau, S. Y, Ho, C.-T., and Lin, J. K. 1999. Inhibition of TPA-induced protein kinase C and transcription activator protein-1 binding activities by theaflavin-3,3 -digallate from black tea in NIH3T3 cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47 1415-21. 

All the compounds tested (theaflavin mixture, theaflavin monogallate, and theaflavin-3,3 -digallate) were effective in inhibiting ear edema and levels of inflammatory mediators in a dose-dependent manner. Theaflavin-related compounds were able to inhibit both the cytokines (peptide mediators of inflammation) and eico-sanoids (lipid mediators of inflammation). ... 

Effect of theaflavin-3,3 -digallate (TE-3) on TPA-induced ear inflammation and levels of inflammatory mediators in female CD-I mice... 

Lee, H. H., Ho, C.-T, and Lin, J. K. 2004. Theaflavin-3,3 -digallate and penta-O-gal-loyl-P-D-glucose inhibit rat liver microsomal 5a-reductase activity and the expression of androgen receptor in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 25 1109-18. 

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