Russia nuclear power generation

The ITER R D project is the latest international research initiative on nuclear fusion for power generation. The ITER initiative has partners from the European Union, including Switzerland, Japan, Russia, China, South Korea, India and the United States. The project is expected to run for the next 30 years, of which 10 years will be needed for construction of the reactor in Cadarache, France, and 20 years for operation. The cost is approximately 10 billion and the first plasma operation is... 

The world s first nuclear power plant that generated electricity for commercial use was officially connected to the Soviet power grid at Obninsk, Kaluga Oblast, Russia. 

In 2003 the integral power generation in Russia made up 888.2-billion kilowatt-hour, the proportion of nuclear power being 16.7% that was above that of 2002 by 6.3%. The capacity factor of all operating Russian Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) equaled 76.3% that was also above that of 2002 (by 4.6%). In 2002 the capacity factor at Volgodonsk NPP reached an unprecedently high index of 83.3% [2]. 

From the above it follows that nuclear power is presently the only real and well-organized industry that is capable of generating electric power and heat under simultaneous decrease of greenhouse gas emissions due to nonuse of organic fuel and thus able to ensme energy and environmental safety of fuel-energy complex in Russia and its regions. 

In 1995-1996 under the auspices of IAEA an options identification programmer for demonstration of nuclear desalination was completed. As regards small-scale reactors (100-200MW (heat)) for co-generation it was recommended that the power generating desalination complex on the basis of KLT-40C reactors proposed by Russia should be... 

Antonovsky G.M., Kuznetsov L.F., Novikov V.V., et al., VPBER-600 New Generation Passively Safe Medium Power Plant. Report to the Third Annual Conference of Russia Nuclear Society, St. Petersburg, 14-18 September 1992. 

VI-2] MITENKOV, F.M., PANOV, YU.K., POLUNICHEV, V.I., BELIAEV, V.M., The KLT-40S reactor system for the floating unit of the thermal power plant. The Strategy of Nuclear Power Development in Russia and Countries of the Asian-Pacific Basin (Paper presented at the scientific and technical conf, Moscow, 1998). [VI-3] MITENKOV, F.M., POLUNICHEV, V.I., Small nuclear heat and power co-generation stations and water desalination complexes on the basis of marine reactor plants, Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol.173, Nos. 1-3, pp. 183-191 (1997). 

MITENKOV F.M., et al., New generation nuclear power units of PWR-type integral reactors, Integral design concepts of advanced water-cooled reactors. Water Channel Reactor Fuels and Fuel Channel Design and Performance, Research and Development (Proc. Technical Committee meeting, Obninsk, Russia, October 1995), IAEA-TECDOC-997, Vienna (1998), p. 25-34. 

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