Rubella virus replication

Kilbum DG Van Wezel AL (1970) The effect of growth rate in continuous flow cultures on the replication of rubella virus in BHK cells. Journal of General Virology 9 1-7. 

Mechanisms Amantadine and rimantadine inhibit the first steps in replication of the influenza A and rubella viruses (Figure 49-1). These steps involve viral adsorption to the host cell membrane, penetration into the cell via endocytosis. and viral particle uncapping. The inhibitory action of these drugs may be due to their alkaline reaction, which raises the endo-somal pH. At low concentrations, amantadine also binds to a specific protein in the surface coat of the influenza virus to prevent fusion. Drug-resistant influenza A virus mutants can emerge and infect contacts of patients in treatment. 

AZATHIOPRINE VACCINES i effectiveness of vaccines, t risk of adverse/toxic effects of live vaccines (e.g. measles, mumps, rubella, oral polio, BCG, yellow fever, varicella, TY21a typhoid), e.g. vaccinal infections Disseminated infection due to enhanced replication of vaccine virus in the presence of diminished immunocompetence Do not vaccinate when patients are on immunosuppressants. Vaccination should be deferred for at least 3 months after discontinuing immunosuppressants/myelosuppres-sants. If an individual has been recently vaccinated, do not initiate therapy for at least 2 weeks after vaccination... 

This is a Syrian hamster cell line derived from the kidneys of 1-day-old hamsters. The cells have a fibroblast-like morphology and are used for viral replication studies, including poliovirus, rabies (Pay et al, 1985), rubella, foot and mouth disease virus (Radlett et al, 1985), VSV, HSV, adenovirus (Ad) 25 and arbovirus. Successful cultivation at scales up to 80001 has been achieved with maximum cell density attained by minimum air sparging sufficient to satisfy the oxygen demand of the cells. 

Perhaps surprisingly, all of the most successful attenuated viral vaccine strains in current use were produced by empirical methods long before the genetic basis of pathogenesis by the specific pathogen was understood. Thus, attenuated strains of polio virus for use as a live, oral vaccine (Sabin) were selected by growth of viruses isolated from human cases under cultural conditions that did not permit replication of neuropathogenic virus. Comparable procedures were used to select the attenuated virus strains that are currently used in live measles, mumps, rubella and yellow fever vaccines. 

Replicates in nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes followed by viremia, when virus may cross placental barrier in pregnant women, causing fetal congenital rubella... 

Reports of antiviral activity have been mainly confined to (XXV), R = p -Cl and R = p-OMe). The compounds were active in vitro only when pre-incubated with virus and have no effect on the replicative cycle of influenza, parainfluenza, measles, herpes and Newcastle disease viruses. There was however, some inhibition of growth of ECHO, rhinovirus, rubella and respiratory syncytial virus when the compounds were added... 

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