Rubber development

Lovacat [Low valency catalyst] A catalytic process for making ethylene propylene and EPDM rubbers. Developed by DSM Elastomers in 1996. 

Malaysian Rubber Research and Development Board, Malaysia Rubber Developments and other technical literatures. 

Naunton W.J.S, What Every Engineer Shoidd Know About Rubber, The British Rubber Development Board, (Incorporated in England), London 1954. 

The emulsion SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber) developed in the 1940s, utilizing free-radical initiation, was of enormous benefit to tire technology. The improvement in performance and cost of SBR over natural rubber in tire treads firmly established the utility of synthetic rubber. The success of emulsion SBR led to further research. As a result, the percentage of natural rubber in rubber produced since that time has been steadily declining, and extensive research efforts have been carried along on a continuing basis to develop even better synthetic elastomers. 

W. D. Gunter, Butyl and halogenated butyl rubbers, Developments in Rubber Technology-2 (A. Whelan and K. S. Lee, eds.), Applied Science Publishers, London 1981, Chap. 6, p. 155. 

Yip, E. Turjanmaa, K. Makinen-Kiljunen, S. The Nonallergenicity of NR Dry Rubber Products, with Reference to Type 1 Protein Allergy. Rubber Developments 1995, 48, 48-52. 

During World War II the United States, cut off from India, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), Malaysia, and the Dutch East Indies (areas which, since the late nineteenth century, had replaced South America as the main suppliers of natural rubber), developed several superior synthetic rubbers. The U.S. synthetic rubber industry originated from two discoveries that were serendipitous that is, they occurred while the researchers were searching for something else. 

L.Landau, Natural Rubber Latex and Its Applications No3 The Manufacture of Dipped Rubber Articles from Latex, British Rubber Development Board, London, 1954. 

Silicone rubber, developed by Dow Corning company, is one of the few polymers developed for medical use. The repeating unit is dimethyl sUoxane which is polymerized by a condensation polymerization. Low molecular weight polymers have low viscosity and can be cross-linked to make a higher molecular weight, rubber-like material. Medical grade silicone rubbers contain stannous octate as a catalyst and can be mixed with a base polymer at the time of implant fabrication. 

AKRON RUBBER DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY 2887 Gilchrist Road, Akron OH 44305, (330) 794-6600. High Tech Adhesives, co-sponsored by American Engineering Group. Also several workshops on fundamentals of adhesion, testing, and more. 

NR Technology Rubber Developments Supplement, No. 2, Natural Rubber Producers Research Association, Brickendonbury, UK, 1970. 

GRT of particle sizes from 1 to 3 mm was treated by applying thermal, chemical, and combined thermal and chemical treatments to prepare carbonaceous adsorbents for removal of mercury in aqueous solution (Gupta et al., 2011). The adsorbents were prepared by heating the rubber at 400 or 900 C for 2 h in the nitrogen atmosphere and then chemically treating with sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or their mixer solutions for 24 h. The heat treatment of the rubber developed mainly the microporosity, particularly the mesoporosity. The chemical treatment provided the creation of macropores. In the combined heat and chemical treatments, the predominant effects on the porous structure were caused by the treatment that provided the first effect. The adsorption capacity of mercury was larger for the adsorbents of higher microporosity. 

Fig. 1.32 Insulating material evolution -from silicone rubber developed in 1958 to the latest copolymer used for the first time in 2006...

Figure 34.22 (a) Self-healing supramolecular rubber developed by Leibler and co-workers (b) Recovery of the mechanical properties over time as the hydrogen bonds are restored. (Reprinted with permission from Ref [93] 2008,... 

R.F. Wolf, "Seventy-five Year Stretch," Rubber World. 1964 (10), 64-89. Wolfs review is the most readable account of rubber development. 

Figure 6.4 Schematic representation and molecular structures of the components of the self-healing rubber developed by Leibler.

---