Rubber compounding plasticizers

Differences among softeners, tackifler resins, and softeners are blurred, and many are dual-purpose ingredients of rubber compounds. Plasticizers also act as softeners and pro-... 

Compound, caulking, conductive Compound, polyurethane Compound, heat sink, silicone Compound, sealing, poly sulfide rubber Compound, plastic polyurethane Primer, silicone rubber sealant Primer, polyurethane Primer, silicone... 

Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products Manufacture of fabricated rubber and plastic products Scrap rubber and plastics, lampblack, curing compounds, dyes... 

Hard products may also be made by vulcanising rubber (natural or synthetic) using only about two parts of sulphur per 100 parts of rubber. In these cases either the so-called high-styrene resins or phenolie rubber compounding resins are ineorporated into the formulation. These compounds are processed using the methods of rubber technology but, like those of ebonite, the produets are more akin to plastics than to rubbers. Examples of the usage of these materials are to be found in battery boxes, shoe heels and ear washer brushes. 

Plastics that are composed of a minimum of 50% styrene plastic and the remainder rubber compounds. 

Olefins are the basic building blocks for many chemical syntheses. These unsaturated materials enter into polymers, rubbers, and plastics, and react to form a wide variety of chemical compounds such as alcohols, amines, chlorides and oxides. 

Acetylenes contain at least one triple bond. The triple bond is even more reactive than a double bond and, therefore, acetylene is used industrially to make other compounds used in rubber and plastics. Acetylene burns in oxygen to produce a very hot flame used for welding and metal cutting (oxy-acetylene torch). 

Infrared spectroscopy is a major tool for polymer and rubber identification [11,12]. Infrared analysis usually suffices for identification of the plastic material provided absence of complications by interferences from heavy loadings of additives, such as pigments or fillers. As additives can impede the unambiguous assignment of a plastic, it is frequently necessary to separate the plastic from the additives. For example, heavily plasticised PVC may contain up to 60% of a plasticiser, which needs to be removed prior to attempted identification of the polymer. Also an ester plasticiser contained in a nitrile rubber may obscure identification of the polymer. Because typical rubber compounds only contain some 50% polymer direct FUR analysis rarely provides a definitive answer. It is usually necessary first... 

Cylinder mixers, single and double Shearing and kneading action Compounding of rubbers and plastics Rubbers, plastics, and pigment dispersion... 

A compounding ingredient used to reduce the plasticity (increase the stiffness) of rubber compound and thus enable, e.g., an extruded section, to retain its shape or to reduce air trapping in moulding soft rubbers. 

The concept of gear pumps as a means of extrusion of rubber compounds has not, until recently, been one which has appealed to the rubber product manufacturer. The main problem has been with lubrication of the system which relies on the suitability of the material being processed for this purpose. Plastic materials in their molten state act as lubricants in a way that rubber compounds cannot. 

Mallette FS, von Haam E. 1952. Studies on the toxicity and skin effects of compounds used in the rubber and plastics industries. Ind Hyg Occup Med 231-236. 

Buta-1,3-diene (10.101, Fig. 10.24) is a gaseous chemical used heavily in the rubber and plastics industry, the presence of which in the atmosphere is also a concern. Butadiene is suspected of increasing the risks of hematopoietic cancers, and it is classified as a probable human carcinogen. Butadiene must undergo metabolic activation to become toxic the metabolites butadiene monoepoxide (10.102, a chiral compound) and diepoxybutane (10.103, which exists in two enantiomeric and one meso-form) react with nucleic acids and glutathione [160 - 163], as does a further metabolite, 3,4-epoxybutane-l,2-diol (10.105). Interestingly, butadiene monoepoxide is at least tenfold more reactive than diepoxybutane toward nucleic acids or H20. Conjugation between the C=C bond and the oxirane may account for this enhanced reactivity. 

Uses Intermediate in the manufacture of azo dyes and pigments for printing inks, textiles, paints, plastics, and crayons curing agent for isocyanate-terminated polymers and resins rubber compounding ingredient analytical determination of gold formerly used as chemical intermediate for direct red 61 dye. 

Zinc carbonate occurs in nature as mineral smithsonite and zincspar. The compound is used in ceramics and fire proofing filler for rubber and plastics. 

Another cure system consideration is the compound scorch behavior. Prior to vulcanization, rubber is plastic-like and can be processed into desired shapes such as tires, hoses, belts, or other articles. The time available to accomplish this processing depends laigely on the cure system and is referred to as the scorch time. If a compound cures prematurely during the processing step, it usually becomes useless scrap. Therefore, a key requirement of the vulcanization step is to minimize premature vulcanization or scorch (Fig. 4). 

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