RR-MS

Beneficial Immune Therapies Use of Steroids for Acute Episodes RR-MS 

Historically, steroids and ACTH have been used in the treatment of MS relapses. While both suppress cell mediated and humoral immune responses, the major effect in MS acute relapse is to suppress inflammation. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (Brusaferri and Candelise, 2000) indicates that any type of steroid or ACTH treatment significantly accelerates short-term recovery from an acute MS relapse. However, there is no evidence that steroids reduce the risk of an MS relapse. A randomized trial of oral versus intravenous (IV) methyl prednisolone for treatment of acute relapses of MS shows no clear advantage of either treatment route (Barnes et al., 1997). Currently methyl precbisolone is considered standard of care for acute MS relapses. Methyl precbisolone (Solu-Medrol) is used with IV treatment for 3-5 days at 500-1000 mg/day. Methyl prednisolone IV therapy may be followed by a oral prednisone taper. The use of low dose oral precbisolone is also effective in conjunction with INFp therapies when flu-like side effects persist. 

While no cure for MS is known, the FDA approves four immunotherapies for RR-MS. All shorten attacks and lengthen the time between attacks by 30% (Arnason, 1999a, 1999b). The therapies include variations of IFN (3 IFN (3-la, (Avonex and Rebif) and IFN (3-lb (Betaseron). The second type of immunotherapy, glatiramer acetate is a copolymer of four amino acids termed Copaxone. All approved therapies involve self 

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Alexander Hollaender, Acceptance Speech for the Distinguished Contribution Award, Society for Risk Analysis (1985), RRS, MS 1709, Folder 19 Hollaender to Harvey Pratt, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of California at San Francisco (May 14, 1976), RRS, MS 1261, Box 3, Folder 13 Hollaender to David Perkins, Department of Biological Science, Stanford University (January 3,1978), RRS, MS 1709, Folder 18. 

Minutes, EMS Council Meeting (March 24,1970), EMS, Mailing Papers Alexander Hollaender (June 12,1970), RRS, MS 1261, Box 3, Folder 10 Minutes, EMS Council Meeting (July 8,1972), EMS, Mailing Papers. 

Di Luzio had been an assistant secretary of the interior for water pollution control. In 1969 he worked in the private sector as the president of an electrical engineering firm in Las Vegas, F, Di Luzio to S, Epstein (April 10,1969), RRS, MS 1167, Box 2, Folder 3. 

Samuel S, Epstein, The role of the university in relation to consumer, occupational and environmental problems, 5, Transcript of talk given at Case Western University (January 15,1971), RRS, MS 1261, Box 3, Folder 15. 

RRS, MS 1261, Box 3, Folders 21-30. These files contain detailed records of Hollaender s foreign travel in his capacity as director of the Biology Division from 1961 to 1972. 

Between 1961 and 1983, Hollaender organized sixteen international symposiums on a range of topics in modern biology that convened in various Latin American countries. Richard Setlow, unpublished speech nominating Alexander Hollaender for the Enrico Fermi Award (May 11,1983), RRS, MS 1709, Folder 18. 

These projects are briefly enumerated in a letter from Hollaender to Philip Slater, then president of the Anderson Foundation. Hollaender to Slater (April 13,1970), RRS, MS 1709, Folder 18. 

Hollaender to Epstein (March 4,1969), RRS, MS 1261, Box 3, Folder 9. This letter contains a preliminary list of fifteen journals in which Hollaender thought EMS announcements should be published. It does not reflect all of the journals contacted but does indicate the range of audiences Hollaender hoped to attract. 

Radiation Research Society Meeting Program (March 2-5,1970), MS 1167, Box 2, Folder 3. See also Hollaender to Laughlin (November 14, 1969), Hollaender to Haagen-Smit (November 21,1969), Hollaender to Epstein (November 11,1969), RRS, MS 1105, Box 3, Folder Radiation Research Society March 2-5,1970, Dallas. ... 

Program, Workshop on Mutagenicity (July 26-28,1971), Brown University Program, International Workshop on Mutagenicity Testing of Drugs and Other Chemicals (October 2-5,1972), University of Zurich. Both in RRS, MS 1261, Box 3, Folder 2. 

Four of the five current immunomodulatory therapies are only approved for RR-MS and have not show n effecdveness in non-inflammatory SP-MS or more aggressive forms of the... 

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