Immunomodulatory therapy

Can genetic-prone people be prevented from getting SLE Ofosu-Appiah et al. fed SLE mice with kidney extract (KE) as immunomodulatory therapy (03). The KE-fed mice had marked reduction of IgGl and IgG3 responses, together with markedly suppressed IL-4 and IL-10 production (03). 

How safe will islet immunomodulatory therapy be in terms of overall physiology ... 

Would such immunomodulatory therapies totally avoid the need for conventional immunosuppression ... 

The evidence of an autoimmune pathogenesis supports the use of immunomodulatory therapy in PNS. If therapy is started at an early stage of the disease, the chances of neurological improvement are better, both with intravenous immunoglobuline alone [225] and with plasmapheresis and chemotherapy in combination even if no tumor has been diagnosed [226]. 

Recent therapeutic approaches have been directed to the immunologic aspects of OCP. Intravenons immimoglob-ulin immunomodulatory therapy has proven a safe and effective therapy for otherwise treatment-resistant OCP. Subconjunctival mitomycin C was recently described as a promising treatment of OCP. Cnrrently, nse of tacrolimns and etanercept has been reported to be snccessfiil in managing mucous membrane pemphigoid and OCP. 

Four of the five current immunomodulatory therapies are only approved for RR-MS and have not show n effecdveness in non-inflammatory SP-MS or more aggressive forms of the... 

As circulating immune cells have diurnal [11] and seasonal rhythms [12], its vital that controls and samples be matched for these parameters, as well as standard criteria such as age, gender, and use of any immunomodulatory therapy. 

HAV is primarily responsible for acute hepatitis. It is most often linked to sporadic events of contaminated food in the United States and to international travel, and is usually a self-limited disease. HBV and HCV are primarily responsible for the development of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunomodulatory therapy and direct antiviral agents have been developed for both HBV and HCV. These therapeutic modalities require long courses of therapy and are associated with limited success. This chapter will focus on the pathophysiology, clinical course, and management of these three primary causes of viral hepatitis, namely HAV, HBV, and HCV. 

A number of other new immunomodulatory therapies are completing phase III trials. One is a monoclonal antibody. 

For relapsing-remitting attacks, immunomodulatory therapies are approved beta-1 interferons (interferon beta-la, interferon beta-lb, and glatiramer acetate [Copaxone]). The interferons suppress the proliferation of T-lymphocytes, inhibit their movement into the CNS from the periphery, and shift the cytokine prohle from pro- to antiinflammatory types. 

It has been proposed that a variety of peptides can be administered as aerosols. Furthermore, novel therapies for pulmonary disease—inclnding gene therapy, immunomodulatory therapies such as gamma interferon (10) snrfactant, and chemotherapeutic agents—are being formulated for inhalation. However, it will not be possible to exploit such approaches until we have a better nnderstand-ing of how to manipulate the aerosol to achieve these ends. In vivo assessment of... 

McDaneld LM, Fields JD, Bourdette DN, Bhardwaj A. Immunomodulatory therapies in neurologic critical care. Neurocrit Care 2010 12(1) 132-43. 

Franciotta, D., Martino, G., Zardini, E., Furlan, R., Bergamaschi, R., Andreoni, L., and Cosi, V. (2001). Serum and CSF levels of MCP-1 and IP-10 in multiple sclerosis patients with acute and stable disease and undergoing immunomodulatory therapies. J. Neuroimmunol. 115, 192 198. 

Thatte UM, Dahanukar SA (1997) The Rasayana Concept Clues from immunomodulatory therapy. In Upadhyay S (ed) Immunomodulation. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 141-148... 

Nervous system Five patients developed symptoms of paresthesia within 1 day to 2 months after immunization against rabies, varicella, or Lyme disease [3 j. There was mild sensory loss in the legs, preserved strength, normal or minimally abnormal electrodiagnostic findings, and reduced epidermal nerve fiber densities per skin biopsy. Empirical immunomodulatory therapy was tried in two patients but was ineffective. The symptoms improved spontaneously in all the patients but did not fully resolve. 

Langford CA. Biologic immunomodulatory therapies in the vasculitic diseases. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2004 25(5) 595-607. 

Difluprednate is an effective agent for both control of anterior segment inflammation and reduction of CME in paediatric patients with uveitis when used as an adjuvant to systemic immunomodulatory therapy. A high rate of steroid-induced lOP elevation and cataract formation is seen in this population. Close monitoring of paediatric patients receiving difluprednate is recommended. 

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