Rotational temperature hydroxide

Fohc acid (1) is found as yellow, thin platelets which char above 250°C. The uv spectmm of L-foUc acid at pH 13 shows absorptions at A = 256 nm (e = 30, 000), 282 nm (e = 26,000), and 365 nm (e = 9800). FoHc acid has a specific rotation of [a] = +19.9 (c = 1, 0.1 NNaOH). Solutions of fohc acid are stable at room temperature and in the absence of light. It is slightly soluble in aqueous alkaU hydroxides and carbonates but is insoluble in cold water, acetone, and chloroform. Table 3 Hsts some physical properties of selected fohc acid derivatives. 

The agitation studies for PET depolymerization were performed in the Atlas Launder-ometer. The Launder-ometer is a device for rotating closed containers in a thermostatically controlled water bath. The procedure used in these experiments was adapted from an American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) standard test method. The 5% sodium hydroxide solution (250 mL) was preheated to 80°C in a 1-pint stainless steel jar. The catalysts were added in the following amounts in separate experiments TOMAC (0.04 g, 0.0001 mol) TOMAB (0.045 g, 0.0001 mol) and HTMAB (0.045 g, 0.0001 mol). The PET fiber specimens (1.98 g, 0.01 mol) were placed in the containers along with ten -in. stainless steel balls to aid in the agitation process. The jars were sealed in the Launder-ometer, whose bath was at the desired temperature (80°C). The machine was allowed to run for the allowed treatment times (i.e., 30, 60, 90, 150, and 240 min) at 42 rpm. Upon decanting, any residual fibers... 

A mixture of eugenol 1 (15 mmol), crushed potassium hydroxide or terbutoxide (33 mmol), the phase transfer catalyst (0.75 mmol) was placed either in a beaker in a domestic oven or in a Pyrex tube introduced into the Maxidigest MX 350 Prolabo microwave reactor filled with a rotational system. Microwave irradiation was carried out in the conditions described in Table 3 and 4. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature. After elution with diethyl ether (50 mL) and subsequent filtration on Florisil, the organic products were analyzed by GC using an internal standard and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy by comparison with authentic samples. 

The solvent used in the determination of rotations appears in parentheses. Key to solvents (a) acetone (c) chloroform (d) dioxane (de) 95% ethanol (e) ethanol (m) methanol (mC) methyl Cellosolve (n) 8% sodium hydroxide (Nn) N sodium hydroxide (p) pyridine (s) 1% sulfuric acid (w) water. The temperature range is from 13 to 31°. b References 278 to 308 appear in a separate list starting on page 380. Italicized references are for infrared absorption spectra all others refer to ultraviolet absorption spectra. 

Procedure Dissolve the potassium hydroxide in 100 cc. of water in a 300-cc. Erlenmeyer flask. At the hood obtain the liquid bromine in a measuring cylinder and perform all the operations with bromine under the hood. Cool the KOH solution to room temperature and pour the bromine into it, about 1 cc. at a time, rotating the contents of the flask until the bromine has dissolved after each addition. When all the bromine is added, it should be in slight excess, which is shown by a distinct reddish tint in the solution, not merely a yellow color. 

Example 2 Encapsulation of 3/16-inch Sodium Hydroxide Pellets with Poly( chloro-p-xylylene ). Fifty grams of sodium hydroxide pellets were encapsulated with polymerizing chloro-p-xylylene generated by pyrolysis of 5.0 grams of dichloro-di-p-xylylene over a 15-minute period. The bottle was rotated at 60 r.p.m. during the run. A pyrolysis temperature of 660°C. and system pressure of 50 //, were employed. A total of 51.97 grams of encapsulated pellets was recovered at the end of the run. 

To achieve good results in this preparation, it is absolutely essential 1 to maintain as rapid stirring as possible in the autoclave, with the sthrer reaching to the bottom (the rotating autoclave described on page 359 is not suitable for this preparation), (2) to maintain the prescribed temperature exactly, and (3) to use sodium hydroxide that is no more concentrated than described. It the alkali is too concentrated or the temperature too high, resinification occurs and the yield is appreciabty lowered. 

I. Hydroxides MOH, M(OH)j, and M(OH)3 with no hydrogen bonding (a) Random orientation or rotation of OH ions. In the high-temperature form of KOH the OH" ion is behaving as a spherical ion of effective radius 1-53 A, intermediate between those of F" and Cl", and this compound has the NaCl structure. It is not known whether the cubic symmetry arises from random orientation of the anions or from free rotation. 

CsSH is the same as that of CsBr shows that SH is behaving as a spherically symmetrical ion with the same radius as Br". In contrast to the low-temperature forms of the hydroxides of Na, K, and Rb, which are described in (b), the hydrosulphides have a rhombohedral structure at room temperature. In this calcite-Iike structure the SH" ion has lower symmetry than in the high-temperature forms and appears to behave like a planar group. It is probable that the proton rotates around the S atom in a plane forming a disc-shaped ion like a rotating CO3 " ion. 

Probably the rotary horizontal kiln is the most versatile, since it allows a feed of lumps or fines of limestone or marble, or wet or dry calcium carbonate sludges (Fig. 7.1). The main component of this calcination system is a 2.5- to 3.5-m diameter by 45- to 130-m long firebrick-lined inclined steel tube. Heat is applied to the lower end of this via oil, gas, or coal burners [7]. The feed to be calcined is fed in at the top end. Slow rotation of the tube on its axis gradually moves the feed down the tube, as it tumbles countercurrent to the hot combustion gases. In this way, wet feed is dried in the first few meters of travel. Further down the tube, carbon dioxide loss begins as the temperature of the feed rises. By the time the solid charge reaches the lower, fired end of the kiln it reaches temperatures of 900-1,000°C and carbon dioxide evolution is virtually complete. Normally the temperature of the lower end of the kiln is not allowed to go much above this as it reduces the life of the kiln lining. It also adversely affects the crystal structure of the lime product since it produces a dead-burned or overburned lime. Overburned lime is difficult to slake to convert it to calcium hydroxide and raises... 

Continuous rotary and batch hydrators are used to produce calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) powder. The continuous version uses a slightly inclined, slowly rotating steel cylinder of about 1 m diameter by 6-7 m in length. The calcium oxide is fed into the upper end and the correct proportion of water is sprayed in, followed by tumbling in the cylinder to produce a uniform product. Open trough-type batch hydrators, in which the reacting components are mechanically combined, provide greater control of hydration rate and temperature and some improvements in the quality of the product. An explosion process in which hydration is conducted in a pressure vessel produces a slaked lime with better flow characteristics, and a smaller mean particle size more suitable for uses such as filters [14]. 

Several processes for the electrolytic preparation of ferricyanides from ferrocy-anides have been examined [138]. For example, a divided cell was employed with asbestos paper or rope wound over a polyvinyl chloride frame or microporous rubber or cation exchange membrane as a diaphragm, an anode cd of 0.2-10 A/dm2, temperature of 10-70 °C with 2-10% alkali metal hydroxide as catholyte. A graphite or Cu anode was used under stationary or rotating conditions, or the cell was kept under the influence of ultrasound and a stainless steel cathode was used. 

The diastereomeric salt obtained showed a specific rotation of = —9.5 (in methanol). Diluted sulfuric acid released optically active (—)-79 with [ajiSg = —16.0 (in acetone). Diluted sodium hydroxide at room temperature led to ( , )-(—)-S0 with a rotation of [afe = —14.3 (in acetone). The optical active butadienes 79, 80 are stable as solids, but racemize slowly at room temperature in solution (79 AG20 = 96.6 1.3 kJ/mol, and SO 99.1 1.3 kJ/mol, resp.) . ... 

One part of the iso-compound is dissolved in 10 parts of absolute ethanol and an alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution is added thereto. The mixture is left to stand at room temperature during 45 minutes. After this time equilibrium is reached between lysergic acid and the iso-lysergic acid forms, which can be checked by determination of the constancy of the optical rotation of the solution. When this point is reached, potassium hydroxide is transformed into potassium carbonate by bubbling through the solution a stream of carbon dioxide the thick crystal paste of potassium carbonate is then diluted with 50 parts of ether, filtered and washed again with 50 parts of ether. 

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