Rotating sulphator

Markovic N M, Gasteiger H A and Ross P N 1995 Copper electrodeposition on Pt(111) in the presence of chloride and (bi)sulphate Rotating ring-Pt(111) disk electrode studies Langmuir 11 4098-108... 

Ethyl alcohol, 49 Ethyl benzene, 141 Ethyl benzoate, 209 Ethyl bromide, 54 Ethylene bromide, 62 Ethyl ether, 59 Ethyl malonate, 96 Ethyl malonic acid, 97 Ethyl potassium sulphate, 50 Ethyl tartrate, 115 rotation of, 120 Lykman depressimeter, 37... 

Part—IV has been entirely devoted to various Optical Methods that find their legitimate recognition in the arsenal of pharmaceutical analytical techniques and have been spread over nine chapters. Refractometry (Chapter 18) deals with refractive index, refractivity, critical micelle concentration (CMC) of various important substances. Polarimetry (Chapter 19) describes optical rotation and specific optical rotation of important pharmaceutical substances. Nephelometry and turbidimetry (Chapter 20) have been treated with sufficient detail with typical examples of chloroetracyclin, sulphate and phosphate ions. Ultraviolet and absorption spectrophotometry (Chapter 21) have been discussed with adequate depth and with regard to various vital theoretical considerations, single-beam and double-beam spectrophotometers besides typical examples amoxycillin trihydrate, folic acid, glyceryl trinitrate tablets and stilbosterol. Infrared spectrophotometry (IR) (Chapter 22) essentially deals with a brief introduction of group-frequency... 

The conduction mechanism in a-Li2S04 is of considerable interest and is a matter of some controversy (Lunden and Thomas, 1989). The uncertainty focuses on whether the sulphate groups are fixed or whether they can rotate and, if they can rotate, whether the lithium ion conductivity... 

Preparations of the Free Amine. Since 2,5 TDA was supplied as the sulphate salt it was necessary to prepare the free amine. This was done by dissolving the diamine salt in sodium chloride saturated distilled water acidified with a few drops of sulphuric acid. Methylene chloride was added to this solution in a separating funnel. Sodium hydroxide was added to adjust the pH to 10-11 to transfer the amine to the organic phase, the methylene chloride now containing the diamine was washed once with saturated sodium chloride and then evaporated in a rotating evaporator. Red crystals of 2,5-TDA resulted from the evaporation. The purity was checked chromatographically. 

For the disk potential, a value within the saturation photocurrent region was chosen (0.0 V vs. the sulphate electrode for InP and 0.0 or + 1.0 V vs. the sulphate electrode for GaP). The electrode was illuminated with a Hg lamp, and the Fe(III) complexes formed by photoelectrochemical oxidation were reduced at the ring (at - 1.4 V and - 0.80 V vs. the sulphate electrode for Fe(III)-EDTA and Fe(CN) -, respectively). By changing the rotation velocity of the RRDE between 500 and 2000 rpm, it was certified that the effects further described were not due to rate-limiting transport of the reactants from the solution to the disk. 

The distillate—usually turbid owing to the presence of a little water— is shaken with a small quantity of anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered and polarised in a 10 cm. tube, note being made of the temperature the reading is corrected to o° C. (see A, above). Comparison of this rotation with that of the original oil (see A, above) indicates if the oil is genuine or mixed with oil of turpentine or lemon terpencs (see below). 

Dimitrov, K., Rollet, V., Saboni, A. and Alexandrova, S. (2008) Recovery of nickel from sulphate media by batch pertraction in a rotating film contactor using Cyanex 302 as a carrier. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 47, 1562. 

Samples are transferred to a separatory funnel, surrogates are added, and an immiscible solvent (dichloromethane, hexane, etc.) is added. The liquids are shaken vigorously for a few minutes and then allowed to rest until a separation between the two phases occurs. The solvent is removed and the extraction process is repeated twice more. The extracts are combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, and processed further (cleanup) as required. Some laboratories have automated this tedious procedure by performing extractions in bottles. In this case, solvent and water are placed in a bottle and rotated (windmill rotators) or shaken (platform shakers) for 1—2 h. The lack of vigorous shaking is replaced by an extended time for extraction. Liquiddiquid extraction is used for all semivolatile analysis (hydrocarbons >C12, PAH, pesticides, PCB, dioxins). By lowering the pH, extraction of phenols (pentachlorophenol) and acidic compounds (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid—2,4-D) will be enhanced. Increasing the pH will increase extractability of basic (aromatic amines) and neutral compounds (PAH). 

Fig. 7.5 (a) Active chlorine concentration vs. specific charge in discontinuous experiments with varying chloride concentration, (b) 15 min values of total chlorine concentration, (rotating MIO anode, 300 rpm, Ti cathode, 300 mA, 20-22°C, 0.150L, 240 ppm sulphate + 10 ppm nitrate + 50 ppm carbonate, as sodium salts, DPD method)... 

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