Rotary power

In nearly all mechanical power applications in the oil and gas industry it is necessary to transmit the power generated by a prime mover to an operation (e.g., drawworks of a drilling rig, or a production pumping system). The transmission of rotary power to such operation elements is carried out by a power transmission system. Mechanical power transmission is typically carried out by power betting systems, chain systems, gear systems and by hydraulic systems, or some combination of these three [1,5]. 

Specific Rotation A polarized light when passed through an optically active substance, each molecule of it encountered by the light beam rotates the plane of polarization by a constant amount characteristic of the substance. Consequently, a measure of the rotary power of the individual molecule, irrespective of the two parameters, namely the path length and the concentration, is achieved by converting the measured rotation into a specific rotation by the help of the following expressions ... 

Starting at z = 0 from horizontal polarization (S = (1,0,0)), we can produce vertical linear polarization for the whole interval of values of the rotary power... 

Figure 5.3 Numerically simulated Stokes polarization vector components 5j (dashed line), 2 (solid line) and Sj (dotted line) versus propagation direction z- Frames (a) is foriV = 10 crystals, while frames (b) and (c) are for W = 30 and W = 100 crystals in a stack. In all cases, each crystal length is L, the rotary power is = k/5L, and the rotation angle in each crystal is = kx/4N with k being the number of the crystal in the row (k = 1,2,3,...

Montgomery, E. M. and Hudson, C. S. 1930. Relations between rotary power and structure in the sugar group. XXVII. Synthesis of a new disaccharide ketose (lactulose) from lactose. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52, 2101-2106. 

In the ab initio approach the desired answers are the experimental observables - spectral line positions, shapes, intensities scattering and reaction rates polarizabilities and optical rotary power etc. These are to be obtained from the Schrodinger equation by numerical methods which are mathematically well-defined and involve no intermediate parameters not appearing in the Schrodinger equation itself. 

In this case the material is characterized by e - = e8, py = jj.8-, - = tM jiyS. and Q, j = 0. The parameter y is the rotary power. This material couples the electric and magnetic fields, and the Maxwell curl equations are... 

In writing equation (2.30), two refractive indices, n and nf, have been defined. For a material with a complex rotary power, y = f + H > these are ... 

To the above toluenic solution containing levobunolol as free base, 16 ml ethanol and the stoichiometric amount of hydrogen chloride were added. The stirred mixture was cooled below 10°C and kept at this temperature for one hour. The precipitated solid was filtered, washed with toluene, recrystallized twice from 43 ml ethanol and dried to give 10.0 g (51% yield) of (-)-3,4-dihydro-5-(3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-l(2H)-naphthalenone hydrochloride (levobunolol hydrochloride) having a rotary power at 25°C below -19°. 

The unit cell of the pseudo-Troger s base 22e contained only one enantiomer whose absolute configuration was determined (R,R) however, a DCM solution of 22e showed no rotary power. The most reasonable explanation is that 22e is probably a racemate consisting in R,R and S,S crystals. 

Table 7.2 Rotary power of some carbohydrates of wine...

Rotary power the specific rotation [ ] is defined using the sodium D-line at 20-25 °C. It is not related to molecular weight, and is very characteristic of every sugar in solution (see Table 7.2). It depends on concentration, temperature and solvent. When a crystalline sugar is dissolved, the rotary power of the solution changes until the equilibrium is reached (mutarotation). Each anomeric form has their own rotary power, and the equilibrium value reflects the individual values of all present forms. 

There exist two tartaric acids which possess exactly the same ph3Tsical and chemical properties save one solutions of the first possess a certain rotary power to the right solutions of the second possess exactly the same rotary power, but to the left. The fiiBt is the right-handed acid, the second is the left-handed acid. 

The crystals furnished by the right-handed acid do not possess the rotary power, but they have a non-superpoeable hemiedry the crystal is not superposable upon its image in a mirror. 

By combining molecule to molecule, right-handed tartaric acid and left-handed tartaric acid form a polymery racemic acid. This acid, whose stereochemical formula is then superposable upon its image in a mirror, gives holoedric crystals gifted with the same property by dissolving it, one obtains a liquid devoid of rotary power. 

Often there is occasion to add a third inactive isomer to these two optical antipodes devoid of rotary power in all its states, this inactive isomer furnishes holoedral crystals stereochemistry assigns it a formula which is reproduced, identical with itself, by reflection in a mirror. 

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