Rosa damascena

Rose. Rose is one of the most important florals ia perfumery, the most valuable derivatives of which are produced from Rosa damascena, which is grown principally ia Bulgaria, but also ia Russia, Turkey, Syria, India, and Morocco. The concrete, absolute, and steam-distilled essential oil (rose otto) are particularly valuable perfume iagredients. Careful handling and processiag of freshly picked flowers are required to produce these materials of warm, deeply floral, and rich odor quaUty. They are complex mixtures of which citroneUol (9), geraniol (8), phenethyl alcohol [60-12-8] (21), and P-damascenone [23726-93 ] (22) (trace component) are important odor constituents. 

Rose (attar of rose, otto of rose) Rosa damascena, gallica, R. alba, and R. R. centifolia (Rosaceae) fresh flowers 0.02-0.03... 

Two major species are used for oil production Rosa damascena, which yields rose otto, Bulgarian rose oil and Turkish rose oil and Rosa centifolia, which yields French rose oil or Moroccan rose oil. There are also many different subspecies. 

Rosa damascena is considered to be one of the safest choices of aromatherapy oil as it is non-toxic, non-irritant and non-sensitizing. 

The complexity of the aqueous products situation can be illustrated by Rose Water. It is a long established product with a history of applications in cosmetics, skincare and culinary preparations. Initially it may be produced from different botanical species e.g. typically Wild rose (Rosa canina), Damask rose (Rosa damascena) and Cabbage rose (Rosa centifolia). 

Rose Oil occurs as a colorless or yellow liquid with the characteristic odor and taste of rose. It is the volatile oil obtained by steam distillation from the fresh flowers of Rosa gallica L., Rosa damascena Miller, Rosa alba L., Rosa centi-folia L., and varieties of these species (Fam. Rosaceae). At 25° it is a viscous liquid. Upon gradual cooling it changes to a translucent, crystalline mass, which may be liquefied by warming. 

Rose (Morocco) Rose (Bulgaria, Turkey) Rosa centiofolia Rosa damascena (S)-Citronellol, geraniol, nerol (23), 2-phenylethanol, (4R)-rose oxide (24), /3-damascone (25), /3-damascenone (26) 95,96... 

P-Citronellol (= 3,7-Dimethyl-6-octen-l-ol) (monoterpene) Pelargonium odoratissimum (Geraniaceae), Rosa damascena, R. gallica (Rosaceae), Boronia citriodora (boronia leaf oil) (Rutaceae) OD-R... 

Another new aldehyde was recently isolated from the oil of Rosa damascena (Bulgarian rose oil), and shown to be menth-l-en-9-al, a mixture of both diastereo-isomers (152) and (153) being present in the natural product. By oxidation of the hydroboration products of (+)-limonene (111) (see also ref. 109), both... 

Damascones. The damascones are isomers of the corresponding ionones in which the a,p-unsaturated function of the side chain has been transposed. They occur in rose oils and their name is derived from the Damask rose (Rosa damascena) in which they were first detected. They have powerful fruity odours with a hint of florality and rose character. 

CnH.gO, Mr 190.29, oil, bp. (1.7 kPa) 116-118°C. Component of Bulgarian rose oil, obtained from Rosa damascena. /3-D. is only present to 0.05% in this oil but is mainly responsible for the rose-like fragrance. j8-D. is an essential component of perfumes and gives them fresh and brilliant notes. 

C13H20O, Mr 192.30, isomers of ionone which differ only in the position of the ring double bond (a-, /3-, Y-, S-, and c-damascone). The name damascones or rose ketones is derived from their occurrence in the essential oil of damask rose (Rosa damascena). a-D. bp. 77-80°C (0.13 Pa), [alg +487° (CHCI3) /5-D. bp. 52 °C (0.13 Pa). D. possess the common olfactory feature of a narcotic-herby odor of exotic flowers with an undertone resembling black currents. Although a- and /3-D. in rose oil have a combined content of merely ca. 0.15%, they determine the basic odor of the oil (olfactory threshold 0.009 ppb). D. occur in other flower oils as well as in tea, certain tobacco, and fruit aromas, e.g., apples and raspberries, a- and /3-D. are in-... 

Wang, Y., Jiang, Z.-T., and Li, R. (2009). Complexation and molecular microcapsules of Litsea cubeba essential oil with p-cyclodextrin and its derivatives. European Food Research and Technology, 228, 865-873. Z., Liu, B., Zheng, Z.-K., You, X.-K., Ihi, Y.-T., and Li, Q. (2009). Eheparation and characterization of P-cyclodextrin inclusion compound of essential oil from Rosa damascena miller. Food Science, 30, 29-32. 

Perillene, a monoterpenoid furan derived from p-myreene, is a eonstituent of the essential oil obtained from Perilla citridora (Labiatae) among other monoterpenes, it also occurs in the pheromones of some mites and acts as a defense pheromone of the ant Lasius fulginosus. The isomerie rose furan is a fragrant component of the oil of rose obtained from fresh flowers of Rosa damascena (Rosaceae). 3-(4-Methyl-3-pentenyl)thiophene and derived eyclic tri- and tetrasulfides (1,2,3-trithiepine and 1,2,3,4-tetrathiocine) are found in the oil of hops. 

The Damask rose (Rosa damascena) is also known as the "Rose of Kazan lak" (a town in Bulgaria), and since the 17th cen Wry it has been the source of Bulgarian rose oil. 

The decisive breakthrough was achieved in 1970 with the discovery of the rose The scent threshold is ketones, which were named damascones, after Rosa damascena. Since scent the concentration of a subthresholds can vary over multiple decimal powers. Gunther Ohloff (1924-2005) stance, which a hurnan... 

Fig. 3. GCxGC-TOF-MS total ion current (TIC) plot of Rosa damascena Mill. volatilelS components at 150°C using the DTD technique (Ozel et al., 2006).

Ozel et al., (2006) studied the volatile profile of Rosa damascena using various techniques, namely DTD, SWE and water distillation. DTD volatiles showed a greater total number of different components than either of the other two methods. The numbers of volatile components identified with a percentage higher than 0.05%, were 54, 37, and 34 for the... 

Ozel, M.Z. Gogus, F. Lewis, AC. (2006). Comparison of direct thermal desorption with water distillation and superheated water extraction for the analysis of volatile components of Rosa damascena Mill, using GCxGC-TOF/MS. Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol.566, pp. m- T7, ISSN 0003-2670... 

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