Rose, Damask

The GC-MS chromatogram, obtained after SPME of the traditional incense from a monastery of Mount Athos, is presented in Figure 10.7a. The occurrence of octanol (18), octyl acetate (40), incensole (127), incensole acetate (129), incensole oxide (130) and incensole oxide acetate (131), allowed the identification of a B. papyrifera olibanum (Figure 10.7b) in a mixture with other substances, most probably Damask rose and jasmine. 

The complexity of the aqueous products situation can be illustrated by Rose Water. It is a long established product with a history of applications in cosmetics, skincare and culinary preparations. Initially it may be produced from different botanical species e.g. typically Wild rose (Rosa canina), Damask rose (Rosa damascena) and Cabbage rose (Rosa centifolia). 

Rose Rosaceae (Apothecary s Rose, Damask Rose, Old Cabbage Rose)... 

Grind the following separately 3 oz Benzoin, 2 oz Storax, 1 oz Damask Rose Buds, % lb each of Aloes, Amber, fine sugar. Civet, Cypress. Mix together with Gum Tragacanth that was dissolved in Orange flowers or Rose water. 

Damascones. The damascones are isomers of the corresponding ionones in which the a,p-unsaturated function of the side chain has been transposed. They occur in rose oils and their name is derived from the Damask rose (Rosa damascena) in which they were first detected. They have powerful fruity odours with a hint of florality and rose character. 

C13H20O, Mr 192.30, isomers of ionone which differ only in the position of the ring double bond (a-, /3-, Y-, S-, and c-damascone). The name damascones or rose ketones is derived from their occurrence in the essential oil of damask rose (Rosa damascena). a-D. bp. 77-80°C (0.13 Pa), [alg +487° (CHCI3) /5-D. bp. 52 °C (0.13 Pa). D. possess the common olfactory feature of a narcotic-herby odor of exotic flowers with an undertone resembling black currents. Although a- and /3-D. in rose oil have a combined content of merely ca. 0.15%, they determine the basic odor of the oil (olfactory threshold 0.009 ppb). D. occur in other flower oils as well as in tea, certain tobacco, and fruit aromas, e.g., apples and raspberries, a- and /3-D. are in-... 

The Damask rose (Rosa damascena) is also known as the "Rose of Kazan lak" (a town in Bulgaria), and since the 17th cen Wry it has been the source of Bulgarian rose oil. 

Today, the production of rose oil utUises mainly the Damask rose and the Rose de Mai, the primary sources of which are the south of France, Liguria and Calabria in Italy, and Morocco. The annual world production of rose petals amounts to 52,000 tonnes this yields 15 tonnes of rose oil, one of the most expensive essential oils for the fine perfume industry. 

Perfumes came into general use in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth (1558-1603). Many perfumes, such as rose water, benzoin, and storax, were used for sweetening the heavy ornate robes of the time, which were impossible to wash. Urinals were treated with orris powder, damask rose powder, and rose water. Bags of herbs, musk, and civet were used to perfume bath water. 

Damascones The first member of this family to be identified was p-damascenone (343). It was isolated from the Damask rose, Rosa damascena, the oil of which contains 0.05% of it (418) and the structure was confirmed by synthesis (419). Since then, damascones... 

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