Root-identification

These designed methods will allow hereinafter development of the high-performance remedies, using biologically active substances from Arctium lappa L. root. Identification of stmcture and quality contents allows to obtain correct prediction of phamiacological properties of this groups of compounds. Express method allows to make supply of medical herb raw material more rational. 

Decomposition leads to a rearrangement of the process equations from their flow chart sequence to a natural sequence based on the information flow among the equations. The ultimate goal is to set up an iterative scheme in which each equation is solved for a single variable (by some appropriate root identification method), and where values of unknown variables that must be assumed are checked cyclically. The greatest reduction in the number of iterates that must be assumed, and therefore the greatest reduction in computer storage and time requirements, takes place for those systems of process equations in which the number of variables per equation is small compared to the total number of variables in the system. Clearly, when each of the system equations contains every process variable, no effective decomposition can take place. Fortunately, most models used in the process industries are of such a character that extensive decomposition can be effected. 

Indeed, the techniques of repeated diagonalization of the Hamiltonian on a large basis set and the search for resonance states from the numerical features of the roots upon variation of the function space may lead to reliable conclusions for models or for certain cases of ground shape resonances or of low-lying states of simple systems for which the chosen function space happens to describe the inner part of the resonance accurately. However, it was evident in the late 1960s that such methods had (have) certain limitations when it comes to the MEP in complex, polyelectronic systems. For example, for complex spectra of polyelectronic systems the root-identification criteria may not always lead to physically correct results, even qualitatively. Thus, in spite of careful (and computationally costly) examination, resonance states may be missed or roots may be wrongly attributed to resonances that do not exist. 

Rivier L, Pilet PE (1974) Indolyl-3-acetic acid in cap and apex of maize roots Identification and quantification by mass fragmentography. Planta 120 107-112 Roberts K, Northcote DH (1970) The structure of sycamore callus cells during division in a partially synchronized suspension culture. J Cell Sci 6 299-321 Roberts LW (1976) Cytodifferentiation in plants. Xylogenesis as a model system. Cambridge Univ Press, London... 

Identification. Weld-root cracks originate at the root of the weld and run longitudinally along the weld, perpendicularly to the base-metal surface and parallel to the axis of the weld. In general, they may be identified visually or by various nondestructive testing techniques such as radiography or ultrasonics. Failures from weld-root cracking may occur soon after start-up or after extended periods of successful service. 

Error analysis techniques can be used in accident analysis to identify the events and contributory factors that led to an accident, to represent this information in a clear and simple manner and to suggest suitable error reduction strategies. This is achieved in practice by identification of the causal event sequence that led to the accident and the analysis of this sequence to identify the root causes of the system malfunction. A discussion of accident analysis techniques is included in Chapter 6. 

MORT excels in terms of organizational root cause identification, as factors such as functional responsibilities, management systems and policies are well covered, but this strength of the method requires an accurate description of the incident process, and an experienced MORT analyst who is knowledgeable and well-practiced in the methodology. 

The method is well-structured and provides clear, standardized procedures on how to conduct an investigation and represent the incident process. Also it is relatively easy to learn and does not require the analyst to have a detailed knowledge of the system under investigation. However, the method alone does not aid the analyst in identifying root causes of the incident, but rather emphasizes the identification of the propagation of event sequences. This is an important aspect of developing a preventive strategy. 

The case study has documented the investigation and root cause analysis process applied to the hydrocarbon explosion that initiated the Piper Alpha incident. The case study serves to illustrate the use of the STEP technique, which provides a clear graphical representation of the agents and events involved in the incident process. The case study also demonstrates the identification of the critical events in the sequence which significantly influenced the outcome of the incident. Finally the root causes of these critical events were determined. This allows the analyst to evaluate why they occurred and indicated areas to be addressed in developing effechve error reduchon strategies. 

C. S. Tang and C. C. Young, Collection and identification of allelopathic compounds from the undisturbed root. system of Bigalte Lompograss iHemarthia alti.s-sima). Plant Physiol. 69 155 (1982). 

M. G. Nair, G. R. Safir, and J. O. Siqueira, Isolation and identification of vascular-arbuscular mycorrhiza-stimulatory compounds from clover (Trifolium repens) roots. AppL Environ. Microbiol. 57 434 (1991). 

P. Scheidemann and A. Wetzel, Identification and characterization of flavonoids in the root exudate of Rohinia pseudoacacia. Trees 11 3 6 (1997). 

L. Sk0t and H. Egsgaard, Identification of ononitol and O-methyl-scyllo-inositol in pea root nodules. Plania 161 32-36 (1984). 

Root exudates A wide variety of chemicals, such as sugars, amino acids, and aromatics, is excreted by roots of plants. Very little information is available on the allelopathic interaction of root exudates with the higher plants, except for the identification of a few products in isolated cases (46). 

Consider again a batch polymerization process where the process is characterized by the sequential execution of a number of steps that take place in the two reactors. These are steps such as initial reactor charge, titration, reaction initiation, polymerization, and transfer. Because much of the critical product quality information is available only at the end of a batch cycle, the data interpretation system has been designed for diagnosis at the end of a cycle. At the end of a particular run, the data are analyzed and the identification of any problems is translated into corrective actions that are implemented for the next cycle. The interpretations of interest include root causes having to do with process problems (e.g., contamination or transfer problems), equipment malfunctions (e.g., valve problems or instrument failures), and step execution problems (e.g., titration too fast or too much catalyst added). The output dimension of the process is large with more than 300 possible root causes. Additional detail on the diagnostic system can be found in Sravana (1994). 

Klingner, A., H. Bothe et al. (1995). Identification of a yellow pigment formed in maize roots upon mycorrhizal colonization. Phytochemistry 38(1) 53-55. 

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