Rodination

Still another use of EDTA is in the field of art restoration. Figure C shows before and after" photographs of Rodin s bronze sculpture The Thinker." This stood in front of the Philadelphia Rodin Museum for about 60 years prior to its restoration in 1992. Over time the sculpture had picked up a thick coating of insoluble CuS04 3Cu(OH)2(s). Application of a wet paste containing EDTA dissolved the coating by forming the soluble Cu(EDTA)2 complex. 

The Thinker hi Rodin, before (left) and after (right). 

In practice, although there are many dozens of potentially effective inhibitors that can be called upon, extensive use generally is made of readily available proprietary products. The most common product ranges are the Armohib (AKZO Nobel Group) and Rodine (Parker Amchem/Henkel Group) brands. 

Inhibitor required for hydrochloric acid (cleaning grade, nonfoaming) Rodine 52 or Armohib 28 at 1 to 3 gallons per 1,000 gallons of dilute acid... 

Inhibitor required for organic or powdered acids Rodine 85 or Armohib 31 at 1 to 4 gallons per 100 gallons of concentrated acid, or 1 to 4 gallons per 100 lbs of powdered acid... 

Parker Amchem. Rodine Acid Inhibitors for Industrial Cleaning and Steel Pickling Operations. Technical and marketing document. Parker Amchem, Inc. (Henkel), USA. 

Rodin, L. Y. Bazilevich, N. I. Production and Mineral Cycling in Terrestrial Vegetation Oliver and Boyd Edinburgh, UK, 1967. 

Several studies, based on models, examined the effects of land-use change on the global carbon cycle and conclude that there is a net release of carbon due to land clearing. However, the results and conclusions of these studies are based on assumed sizes of vegetation carbon pools which are inputs to the models. For example, Melillo et al. 24) concluded that boreal and temperate deciduous forests of the northern hemisphere are net sources of atmospheric carbon. Their analysis used values for carbon density derived by Whittaker and Likens 19) from work by Rodin and Bazilevich (27). Rodin and Bazilevich extrapolated results of small, unrelated studies in Europe and the USSR to estimate total biomass of Eurasian boreal and temperate deciduous forests. Their estimates have since been extrapolated to forests worldwide and are used often today. 

Bazilevich, N. I., Rodin, L., Ye, L. and Roznov, N. N. (1970). Geographical Aspects of Biological Productivity. Pap. V Congr. USSR Geogr. Soc. USSR, Leningrad. 

Startsev AN, Rodin VN, Aleshina GI, Aksenov DG (1998) Kinet Catal 39 221... 

Recently the patina formed in the atmosphere on the roof of the Stockholm City Hall was analyzed. Several components of the patina were identified, including brochantite (CuSC>4- 3Cu(OH)2), antlerite (Cu3(OH)4-SC>4), and basic cupric carbonate (Cu2C03(0H)ftH20). At the Rodin Museum in Philadelphia, active corrosion of Rodin s The Thinker was ascribed in 1992 to primarily brochan-... 

The Conservation of Rodin s The Thinker. Philadelphia Museum of Art, http //www.philamuseum.Org/collections/conservation/projects/rodin/1.shtml... 

MRI), but this has not been reported for participants who solely use cannabis on a regular chronic basis. A number of electroencephalogram (EEG) studies have found no differences between controls and chronic cannabis users for either awake or sleeping EEG patterns (Rodin et al., 1970 Stefanis et al., 1977). 

Rodin EA, Domino EF and Porzak JP (1970). The marijuana induced social high . Journal of the American Medical Association, 213, 1300-1302. 

Fentiman ES, Caleffi M, Rodin A, et al. (1989) Bone mineral content of women receiving Tamoxifen for mastalgia. Br J Cancer 60 262-264... 

Table 7. The partition of Tundra ecosystem biomass, ton/ha (after Rodin and Bazilevich, 1976).

Table 2. Averaged fluxes and pools of biological cycling in Forest ecosystems (after Rodin and Bazilevich, 1965 Dobrovolsky, 1994).

Table 1. The annual biogeochemical fluxes and pools in Steppe and Desert natural ecosystems (after Rodin et al., 1975).

The biomass of arid ecosystems is significantly less than that of Forest ecosystems and changes from 10 to 25 ton/ha, by dry weight, in Steppe, from 4.0 to 4.5 ton/ha in Desert and from 2 to 3 ton/ha in Extra-Desert Ecosystems of the Central Asia. The overall biomass of Arid Steppe and Desert ecosystems is an order of magnitude less than that of Forest ecosystems (Rodin et al., 1975). 

Rodin, L. E., Bazilevich, N. I. (1965). The dynamics of Organic Matter and Biological Cycling of Ash Elements and Nitrogen in Major Vegetation Type of the Earth. Moscow-Leningrad Nauka Publishing House, 321 pp. 

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