Rocket motors launching

Injection of species into the stratosphere associated with these launches includes emissions not only from the rocket exhaust but also from ablation of the solid rocket motors, the paint on the outer hulls, and hardware from satellites and discarded portions of rockets in the atmosphere (Zolensky et al., 1989). The increase in launches of such vehicles has led to a significant increase in particles associated with solid rocket use. Figure 12.10, for example, shows the concentration of large (>l-/xm diameter) solid stratospheric particles in the 17- to 19-km altitude region from 1976 to 1984,... 

Rocket Motors (Roketto Hasshaki) are devices designed to provide propulsive power (propel or launch) to a Bomb or Rocket Projectile of an inclined trough or barrel called Launchers One of such Rocket Motors is described and illustrated in the book of Tantum Hoffschmidt (Ref 7, p 172) under the title Rocket Launcher and Rocket Motor Model 10 . It is briefly described here under Rocket Launchers. They are also described in Ref 2, pp 120-1 Another Rocket Mortar (Type 4 Mk 1) is described here under ROCKET BOMBS as a device used to propel Baka Piloted Rocket Bomb (Ref 2, p 118)... 

The Shillelagh is powered by a solid fuel rocket motor and controlled by hot gas jet reaction. The warhead is an Qctol (see Vol 8, 06-R to 017-L) HEAT (shaped) charged. The missile length is 1.14m, diameter 152mm, and launch wt 27kg... 

Wt at launch, 26.5kg length, 1130mm diameter, 130mm rocket motor, solid control, control surfaces on fins warhead, HEAT with DA fuze range, 600—2500m and penetration, 400mm+... 

G. Stand behind the optional blast shield or to one side of the launcher, and fire the rocket motors by turning the switch to the launch position. 

After the war Hercules returned to the production of commercial explosives as well as military propellants and continued to build on its cellulose and naval stores capabilities. In 1958 its explosives department created a chemical propulsion division to develop propellants for missiles and space vehicles. In 1959 it received contracts from the U.S. Air Force to develop new solid-fuel rocket motors and subsequently produced the motor for the third stage of the nation s first solid-fuel intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), the Minuteman. Hercules played an even larger role in the development of the Navy s submarine-launched Polaris ICBM. With cellulose came new specialties, including synthetic resins and paper chemicals, as well as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), an intermediate used in the production of foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. From naval stores came other new specialty chemicals and an effective insecticide, toxaphene, and other agricultural chemicals.3... 

At the same time, Hercules was forced to cut back on another of its major product lines, those of its aerospace products group. During the 1980s it had been a principal contractor for the Defense Department s rocket motor systems. The group s products came to include those for the Trident If and SCAM missiles, and the Trident IV and Delta 11 Space Launch Programs. In 1989 Hercules had to post a 96 million loss for taking 327 million overcharges on these products. Then the explosion of the Trident IV in 1991 led to further losses. Finally, in 1995, Hercules sold off its aerospace business. ... 

In addition to the ablative materials employed in the primary propulsion systems, specialty purpose ablators are also required in the launching area of rocket motors. During ignition and takeoff of the solid propelled vehicle, the launch equipment may be immersed in the... 

Figure 6-21. This 47.2-m- (155-ft.) tall rocket-motor external fuel tank weighs 720 metric tons (1.6 million lbs.) at launch and must withstand the strain of liftoff. The thermal protective system on the tank is composed of a 1-in. layer of a closed-cell polyurethane foam and a plastic charring ablator.

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