Rockefeller, John

Richter, Jermias Benjamin, 31, 32 Rockefeller, John D., 305 Roebuck, John, 290 Roentgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 38, 46 Rouelle, Giullame Francois, 25 Rowland, F. Sherwood, 265, 266 Rutherford, Daniel, 22 Rutherford, Ernest, 37, 39... 

At this time, the petroleum industry was still a small scale affair and largely decentralized production, transportation, refining, and distribution of refined products were undertaken by separate companies. Periods of overcapacity caused price declines that cut deep into the profits of producers. In the last two decades of the nineteenth century, John D. Rockefeller imposed order on the industry by building a fully integrated corporation The Standard Oil T rust. 

Anne-Marie Sapse, City University of New York, Graduate School and John Jay College, New York, N.Y. 10019, USA and Rockefeller University, New York, N.Y. 10021, USA... 

These included Johns Hopkins pharmacologist John J. Abel (by letter only, as he could not attend), Rockefeller Institute biochemist P. A. Levene, Chief of the U.S.D.A. Bureau of Chemistry Carl Alsberg, Wisconsin pharmacologist Arthur Loevenhart (engaged at the time in chemical warfare work), Acting Director of the Mellon Institute for Industrial Research E. R. Weidlein, and two industry representatives, Frank Eldred of Eli Lilly and Company and D. W. Jayne of the Barrett Company. The addresses were published in the December 1918 issue of the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, and were also reprinted and circulated to numerous individuals whose views were solicited (21). 

Over the next two decades, Merrifield worked his way up the academic ladder at Rockefeller. He was appointed assistant professor in 1957, associate professor in 1958, and full professor in 1966. In 1983, he was promoted again, this time to the position of John D. Rockefeller Jr. Professor of the Rockefeller University. In 1968, Merrifield also served as Nobel Guest Professor at Uppsala University in Sweden. 

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support for the conference provided by the following Arkansas organizations and individuals Arkansas Electric Power Company Arkansas Louisiana Gas Company BEI Electronics, Inc. First Commercial National Bank General Dynamics Corporation John L. McClellan Memorial Veterans Administration Medical Center Union National Bank University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Whit Stevens and Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation. Support for publication of this book was provided in part by the Citadel Research Foundation, Little Rock, Arkansas. 

Support for Island Press is provided by the Agua Fund, Brain-erd Foundation, Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, Educational Foundation of America, The Ford Foundation, The George Gund Foundation, The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, Henry Luce Foundation, The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, The Andrew W Mellon Foundation, The Curtis and Edith Munson Foundation, National Environmental Trust, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, The New-Land Foundation, Oak Foundation, The Overbrook Foundation, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, The Pew Charitable Trusts, The Rockefeller Foundation, The Winslow Foundation, and other generous donors. 

In 1904 the head of Bayer, Carl Duisberg, decided to emulate John D. Rockefeller s Standard Oil Company and formed an interessen gemeinschaft (I.G.) of the dye industry (Farbenindustrie). This cartel completely dominated the world dye industry before World War I and it continued to prosper between the wars even though some of their assets... 

Origin and Early History. The American Petroleum Institute Fundamental Research Program was started by a grant of 250,000 from John D. Rockefeller on November 1, 1925, to be spent on petroleum research over a period of 5 years. This grant was matched in January, 1926, by an equal sum from the Universal Oil Products Company. These two grants made 100,000 per year available for fundamental research for five years. 

A summary of the results obtained from the program supported by John D. Rockefeller and the Universal Oil Products Company for the period July 1, 1926 to June 30, 1931 was published by the API in 1932 in the form of A Report on Fundamental Research in Petroleum. Hill (62) wrote the portion of the report pertaining to the composition and properties of Petroleum. 

In New York, Petroleum was quoted on the Stock Exchange. In 1862 production exceeded demand and prices collapsed. The value of a barrel (42 gallons) dropped from 20 in 1859 to 10 cents. The petroleum industry needed reorganizing and John D. Rockefeller took on the task. The risks of prospecting and extracting were left to the producers. 

Although both are closely linked in our minds and by our own experience, the petroleum industry predated the automobile industry by half a century. The first oil well, drilled in Titusville, Pennsylvania, by Edwin Drake in 1859, provided rock oil, as it was then called, on a large scale. This was quickly followed by the development of a process to refine it so as to produce kerosene. As a fuel for oil lamps, kerosene burned with a bright, clean flame and soon replaced the more expensive whale oil then in use. Other oil fields were discovered, and uses for other petroleum products were found—illuminating gas lit city streets, and oil heated homes and powered locomotives. There were oil refineries long before there were automobiles. By the time the first Model T rolled off Henry Ford s assembly line in 1908, John D. Rockefeller s Standard Oil holdings had already made him one of the half-dozen wealthiest people in the world. 

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