Robots definition

Instead of reproduction or replication , the more general term production was used. The third definition includes the first definition. However, because it contains neither Darwinian nor genetic specification, this definition takes both coded and uncoded life into account. Since the term population is not included, the definition can be applied to single objects such as robots. 

The search for life in the cosmos requires a generalised, universal definition of life. This must take into account the properties of systems ranging from viruses, prions, denucleated cells or endospores to life in a test tube, computer viruses or even to robots which are capable of self-replication. 

Nevertheless, the previous paragraph provides the kernel of a definition for a robot. "A mechanical device which performs complex tasks with human-like skill" may be a little too general but is a good working definition. The word robot derives from the Russian for "worker" or "to work" and human work often requires significant mechanical skill. Consider then that current laboratory robots are, in essence, "blind, one-armed men" and you immediately arrive at the crude nature they possess. Current robots do not have true human skill but many common tasks are accomplished satisfactorily given their inherent handicaps. 

By definition, the experimental unit is the smallest unit randomly allocated to a distinct level of a treatment factor. Note that if there is no randomization, there is no experimental unit and (in nearly all cases) no experiment. Although it is possible to perform experiments without randomization, it is difficult to do well, and risky unless the experimental system is very well understood (7). Randomization is important for several reasons. Randomization changes the sources of bias into sources of variation in general, a noisy assay is better than a biased assay. Further, randomization allows estimates of variation to represent variation in the population this in turn justifies statistical inference (standard errors, confidence intervals, etc.). A common practice in cell-culture bioassay is to rotate among a small collection of layouts rather than use random allocation. Whereas rotation among a collection of layouts is certainly better than a fixed layout, it is both possible and practical to use carefully structured randomization on a routine basis, particularly when using a robot. 

Screen validation phase tests the screening assay in a more production-like environment. For example, the lab bench results are replicated on the HTS robotic system. Critical quality control experiments are performed at this stage in the process. This involves screen rehearsal with a small number of compounds (i.e., a few thousand), thus validating the screening process. Process precision is measured by repeating the mini-screen on a different day. This procedure allows definition of all the quality control parameters. Typical values include the following ... 

A broadly accepted definition of HTE or combinatorial catalysis is that it is a methodology or a set of tools where large diversities of solid-state materials libraries are prepared, processed and tested predominantly for activity and selectivity [2]. However, catalysts are not combined and tested as a combination of different catalysts, with the impetus to speed up testing routines by using the combine and split methodology as established in pharmaceutical industry. Catalysts are usually synthesized sequentially or in parallel by means of robots following conventional synthesis recipes. 

Joshua sucked in a breath. Now what "You got me." He was telling it to a gleaming brass breastplate, one with distinctly feminine contours. It belonged to a cosmonik that resembled some steam-age concept of a robot solid metal bodywork and rubbery flexible joints. Definitely a cosmonik, Joshua determined after a quick survey, not combat boosted, there was too much finesse in the ancillary systems braceleting each of the forearms. This was a worker, not a warrior. 

Handling definition of, 407 robots for, 413, 414 Hanover University, 616 HAPs, see Hazardous air poUuftuits Hard automation, 1633 HASTE database, 1165 Haworth Compeuiy, 659-660 Hay System, 908... 

Simulated aimeahng, 1731, 2591 Simulation(s), 2469-2493. See also Computer simulation Digital human modeling for construction/planning of robots, 378, 379 as decision support tool, 2014 definition of, 378 digital computer, 2385 fidelity of, and transfer of training, 932-933 in flexible manufacturing systems, 503, 505-506... 

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