RNA-synthesis, inhibition

RNA synthesis inhibition. Smoke of the leaf, administered to rats at variable doses, was active. The effect of a combination of cigarette and hashish smoke on stress response were measured in rats held in a wire cage inside of a larger cage with a cat. Brains were dissected and measured for protein and catecholamine levels . 

Mouse (bone marrow) RNA synthesis inhibition + Kissling and Speck 1972... 

Mouse (spleen lymphocytes) RNA synthesis inhibition No data + Post et al. 1985... 

Induction of de novo synthesis of a-amylase by GA in isolated aleurone layers is evident after a lag period of approximately 8 hr following administration of the hormone. In keeping with hormone responses generally, GA must be present continuously if the de novo synthesis of hydrolases is to be sustained. Synthesis of new RNA is essential to the GA-induction of de novo synthesis of hydrolases. Actinomycin D, an inhibitor of RNA synthesis, inhibits the synthesis and release of a-amylase if the inhibitor is presented during the first 7 to 8 hr after treatment. Inhibitors of protein synthesis, such as cycloheximide, also inhibit GA-induction of hydrolases. And, interestingly, abscisic acid, a growth-inhibiting hormone, inhibits GA-induced a-amylase synthesis as well. 

So far there have been relatively few published reports on the application of in-vitro toxicological tests to extracts of paper and board. The published results relate to the use of photobacterium test, RNA-synthesis inhibition assay or to a battery of different test systems. The outcomes of these trials are summarised below. 

RNA-synthesis inhibition caused by paper and board water extracts... 

S-2-propenylcysteine thiosulfinate (allicin) antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiparasitic, antiviral, inhibition of RNA synthesis, inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis, iron oxidation in hemoglobin. 12, 85. 87-89, 91.112-113... 

In P. infestans [17], cymoxanil when applied at concentrations up to 100 pg mL did not inhibit the uptake of radiolabeled precursors of DNA (thymidine), RNA (uridine) or proteins (phenylalanine). However, after less than 2-hours treatment, although uptake was not affected thymidine incorporation was considerably reduced while uridine incorporation was slightly affected and phenylalanine incorporation was insensitive. In contrast, cymoxanil at 10 pg mL did inhibit thymidine or uridine incorporation weakly while inhibition of mycelial growth was complete, suggesting that DNA and RNA synthesis inhibition is a secondary effect. RNA polymerase activity in isolated nuclei was not inhibited by cymoxanil. 

Radiomimetic Radioprotective Radioprotective effect Respiratory depressant Respiratory stimulant RNA synthesis inhibition... 

Among the potential targets for VSV inhibition of cellular RNA synthesis are transport of nucleoside triphosphates across the cell membrane, enzymatic conversion to nucleotides, initiation/chain elongation/termination of nuclear chromatin transcription, polyaden-ylation, processing, transport to the cytoplasm of completed RNA transcripts, and stability. Quite obviously, RNA synthesis inhibition could be at the level of ribosomal, messenger, and/or transfer RNA catalyzed by polymerases I, II, and III, respectively. 

Sometimes, RNA synthesis inhibition with actinomycin can cause the activation of cell functions, i.e., heart cell contraction in in vitro cultures. It is possible that the RNA fractions (the synthesis of which was blocked in these experiments) control the synthesis of some inhibitors that act on the translational and post-translational levels (McCarl and Shaler, 1969). 

Caspase-3 activation induction of apoptosis apoptosis protection radical scavenger DNA intercalation release of cytochrome c Bcl-XL inhibitor activation of caspase-3 DNA fragmentation depolarization DNA intercalation spindle poison activation of caspase-3 DNA fragmentation depolarization of mitochondrial membranes, apoptotic Spindle poison activation of caspase-3 DNA fragmentation apoptotic activation of JNK/SAPK ROS production inhibition of mitochondrial electron chain Protein, DNA and RNA synthesis inhibition DNA intercalation induction of apoptosis caspase-3 activation DNA fragmentation depolarization of mitochondrial membranes Apoptosis induction... 

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