River Water System Details

At this U.S. Gulf Coast location, the river water can be fresh water during rainy seasons, but it is often brackish. The river depth and quality depends upon rainfall, winds, tides, and the season. The water can be fairly salty during periods of low rainfall. During the fall, 

As mentioned above, the defective pump was shut down early Monday morning before sunrise, and the mechanics started work about 10 30 A.M. on Tuesday, after the equipment was locked out. The pump was idle for about 28 hours before the well water seal flush was disconnected and the mechanics started disconnecting the 400-hp electric motor. 

On the afternoon of the second day, a crew of two machinists and a welder were assigned to disconnect the pump from the discharge piping. A hot work permit was issued, after explosion meter tests were conducted at a nearby coupling to ensure that the piping did not contain any flammables. 

The welder then relit his torch and cut the remaining part of the collar. As he made the final cut, sparks were shooting into the piping. The welder started to move away from the pipe and the explosion occurred, knocking him back 8 to 10 feet and covering him with a black material. This black material was probably a mixture of soot, river water, slime, and 

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The feasibility of using a portable flow injection system for the in situ monitoring of river water was demonstrated by the design and deployment of a field instrument with spectrophotometric detection for the determination of phosphate [4], Solid-state technology (LED source and photodiode detector) was used to construct a compact, battery-operated analyser that could operate without maintenance for several weeks, yielding reliable, pseudo-continuous results. The monitor was further applied to the determination of nitrate [5] and ammonium [6] in river waters. Details of the instrumentation were also reported [7,8]. 

Hg(II) River water GD UV-Vis 4.0 ng L-1 Flow injection system for details, see text [251]... 

The results of a detailed investigation of the Carnon River system (south-west England) have shown high concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, As and Cl" in the river water (Johnson and Thornton 1987), with the Cl" subjected to strong seasonal variations. Over 80% of Fe, Zn and As, and about 40% of Cu is derived from acid mine drainage. The binding of Cu and Zn depends on the pH and Fe concentration, whereas, only little pH dependence is observed for As. About 80% of arsenic was found in the particulate phase. 

Figure 9.10 Sketch of the river water pump system details at normal conditions. Sketch provided by Manuel David.

PG-ROUT is a deterministic river model applicable throughout the United States (57). Predictions are based on more than 500,000 United States river miles. This model also predicts concentrations under 7Q10 and mean-flow conditions. The model is driven by several large EPA databases. Predictions are made below each of the 11,500 POTWs, at drinking water intakes and at any desired mile points in the river systems. The model output includes a frequency distribution by river mile and a detailed PC database. 

This paper reports further on the analysis of the Charles River system by a detailed qualitative examination of the organic compoimds which are present in the river sediment. This investigation of the sediment was undertaken from two points of view. First, the sediment is an obvious sink for pollutants which enter the river, and it was of interest to determine the identities of these compounds and, ultimately, their primary sources. Second, the sediment is a possible pollutant source in itself, i.e., organic compounds may be generated in the sediment by chemical or biological reactions and these would, in turn, pollute the water. In both of these cases, a comparison of the organic compounds found in the water and in the sediment would provide information on the natural processes which tend to modify the pollutant load of a body of water. 

By no means is this book intended to provide a detailed account of all progress made in the past 25 years by aquatic chemists. Rather, chapters provide examples of recent developments in the field and contribute toward a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating the chemical composition of natural waters. Also, the transformation and transport of species (abiotic and biotic or soluble and insoluble) in aquatic systems (lakes, rivers, estuaries,... 

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