River basin network

Abstract The Ebro river basin is one of the most studied basins in Spain. The Confederation Hidrografica del Ebro (CHE), which is the organization in charge of the management of the basin, has different control networks that are operative since 1992. Besides these control networks, there is also a contribution of scientific studies since 1988 to know the distribution of persistent organic pollutants in the basin. Most of these studies are site specific or consider only one family of compounds. Recently, some scientific studies have focused on the basin as a whole, considering several compounds and matrices. 

The Ebro river basin is the most extensive basin in the country, representing the 17.3% of the Spanish peninsular territory. The Ebro itself, with 910 km length, receives waters from several tributaries, which altogether represent 12,000 km of waterway network [13]. 

In addition to this, it has been found that the impact of flow regulation and water withdrawal in river basins is the most evident at mouths as terminate elements of river networks. 

The monitoring network should be designed to provide a coherent and comprehensive overview of ecological and chemical status within each mapped river basin. 

Salomons, W. and Brils, J.M. (eds) (2004) Contaminated sediments in European river basins, SedNet booklet as final report for the EC FP5 Thematic Network Project SedNet (EVKl-CT-2001-20002). 

In this section we give some feedback on an operational interface between science and policy in supporting integrated water management. This experience has been developed in the south-west of France, within the Adour-Garonne River Basin district. The interface started with the creation in 1994 of a scientific network and now involves... 

SOCOPSE is looking mostly at hazardous priority pollutants to provide guidelines and decision support tools for their management at river basin scale. Its activities include material flow analysis, a series of detailed substances reports, identification of measures and management options, and application to fonr case studies. A strong interaction with industry research networks, authorities and NGOs is envisaged. 

Great efforts have been undertaken to describe the intricate geometry of river networks [363]. In Chap. 6 we illustrated some models, such as the Peano network, which resembles fractal river basins. Another well-known structure that was proposed to describe better the evolution and formation of river basins and that agrees with most of the observations is the Optimal Channels Network (OCN) model, based on some optimization principles that minimize the energy expenditure by the net-... 

Oil and gas production systems, drainage networks, supply (delivery) networks, evacuation networks, flows of information on the Internet towards a common destination, wireless networks transferring information from Wi-Fi access points to a wired access point that coimect to the Internet, root network of plants, river basin systems, water distribution systems, the blood vessel system of animals, the morphology of the human limgs, certain data collection networks, etc. are all examples of flow networks with merging flows. In an oil and gas production system or a drainage system for example, the branches correspond to the components characterised by flow capacities while the nodes are notional, used to represent the topology of the network where the streams flow into another stream. 

Gomeza, H., I vzoglub, H., 2005. Assessment of shallow landslide susceptibility using artificial neural networks in Jabonosa River Basin, Venezuela. Engineering Geology li, 11-27. 

Foxwell, D., 2004. In Contaminated Sediments in European River Basins. European Sediment Research Network Report. 

---