Risk Information Services

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1992. Integrated Risk Information Service. Online file, http //www.epa.gov/ngispgm3/iris/ (Accessed May 15, 1998). 

Robert Jarrow and Stuart Turnbull, Pricing Derivatives on Financial Securities Subject to Default Risk, Journal of Finance 50, no. 1 (1995), pp. 53-86. Kamakura Risk Information Services Credit Risk Overview Kamakura s Press Release, Kamakura Launches Basel II Default Probability Service and Announces First Client, October 31, 2002. 

Modeling Human Risk Cell and Molecular Biology in Context. Report No. LBNL-40278. DOE, National Technical Information Service. US Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd, Springfield, VA 22161, 1997. 

The failure of poor people to purchase risk information or risk-reduction services is not evidence that information and risk-reduction markets do not work well. Poor people do not consume certain items because they do not have sufficient income, not because markets do not work well. Economically informed policy analysis argues that the state should not intervene in the interactions of particular markets to ameliorate equity concerns. If any redistribution occurs, it should be at the level of the economy as a whole and not in any particular market. 

Crump, K. S. Guess, H. A. Drinking Water and Cancer Review of Recent Findings and Assessment of Risks Prepared for Council on Environmental Quality, Springfield, VA. National Technical Information Service. U.S. Department of Commerce. Contract No. EQ10AC018, 1980. 

ECKERMAN, K.F., LEGGETT, R.W., NELSON, C.B., PUSKIN, J.S. and RICHARDSON, A.C.B. (1999). Cancer Risk Coefficients for Environmental Exposure to Radionuclides, Federal Guidance Report No. 13, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA 402-R-99-001 (National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia). 

EPA (1987a). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Risk Assessment Guidelines of1986, EPA/600/8-87/045 (National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia). 

Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (1997a). Propazine. Chem. Abst. Service Reg. No. CASRN 139-40-2. USEPA, pp. 1-7. 

US Environmental Protection Agency, Interim Procedures for Estimating Risks Associated with Exposures to Mixtures of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (CDDs and CDFs) and 1989 Update, 22161 PB90-145756, US Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, 1989. 

Bridges J (2003) Human health and environmental risk assessment The need for a more harmonized and integrated approach. Chemosphere 52(9) 1347-1351. Cohrssen JJ and Covello VT (1989) Risk Analysis-. A Guide to Principles and Method for Analyzing Health and Environmental Risks. Washington, DC National Technical Information Service, US Department of Commerce. Costa DL (2004) Issues that must be addressed for risk assessment of mixed exposures The U.S. EPA experience with air quality. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health A 67(3) 195-207. 

Risks associated with the ingestion of contaminated dust have been estimated by Butte and Heinzow [85] using the chronic oral reference dose available from the US-EPA Integrated Risk Assessment Information Service [156]. With a focus on small children (age 1-6 years, mean body weight 16 kg) and a daily intake of 100 mg house dust [24,83] tentative benchmarks for house dust were calculated. The assessment indicated for chlorpyrifos, DDT and diazinon that the tolerable exposure concentration in house dust might be exceeded in some samples and chlorpyrifos especially can be considered a potential hazard to householders. 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, FDA. Guidance for Industry Disclosing Risk Information in... 

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