Risk assessment programs

International Uniform ChemicaL Information Database (lUCLID) is the basic tool for data collection and evaluation within the EU risk assessment program for existing substances and has also been accepted by the OECD as the data exchange tool under the OECD Existing Chemicals Program (see Section 2.4.1.6 for details). 

Use of the TTC approach is dependent on rather precise quantitative exposure estimates. Experience from the EU Risk Assessment Program for Existing Substances is that it is very difficult to get sufficient information on the different uses and related exposure to make precise exposure estimates. The Nordic group considered that for substances where only... 

The various issues concerning the possible use of biocides often form part of a company s chemicals risk assessment program, and thus may involve the following considerations ... 

The U.S. EPA and many other organizations point out that, when information about potential risks is incomplete, basing decisions to avoid unnecessary health risks is potentially the best option.8 When a good set of scientific data is available on a material, then the Precautionary Principle is not appropriate. Scientific data generated in the EU Risk Assessments or under risk assessment programs, such as REACH, that deem materials safe for continued use should effectively rule out the use of Precautionary Principle. 

MateriaEChemical Risk Assessment Working Gronp Advisory and Coordinating Committee Environmental Risk Assessment Program... 

Environmental Risk Assessment Program Strategic Environmental Research Development Program Prepared by Life Sciences Division... 

Crump, K. S., Howe, R. B., Van Landingham, C., and Fuller, W. G. (1991). TOXRISK Version 3. Toxicology RISK Assessment Program. KS Crump Division, Clement Intemahonal Division, 1201 Gaines Street, Ruston, LA 71270. 

The committee is grateful for the assistance of the NRC staff in preparing the report. Staff members who contributed to this effort are Carol A. Maczka, senior program director for the Toxicology and Risk Assessment Program Michelle Catlin, research associate Ruth E. Crossgrove, editor Laura Holliday and Judy Estep, senior project assistants and Mirsada Karalic-Loncarevic, information specialist. 

This work was supported in part by grant IST-8112439 from the Division of Information Science and Technology of the D.S. National Science Foundation and in part by the Health and Environmental Risk Assessment Program of the U.S. Department of Energy. I thank T. Mullln and M. Henrlon for their advice and P. Clbulka, I. Nalr and E. Morgan for their assistance. 

Cohen, D.B., and Bowers, G.W. Water Quality and Pesticides A California Risk Assessment Program (Yol. 1), State Water Resources Control Board, Toxic Substances Control Program, Sacramento, CA, November, 1984. 

Water Quality and Pesticides A California Risk Assessment Program (Volume 1)", California State Water Resources Control Board, 1984. 

Integrated Risk Assessment Program for Risk Management August 87 - Minneapolis... 

Use of some of the flame retardants, particularly brominated ones (PBDEs, or poly-brominated diphenyl esters), was prohibited by European Union Risk Assessment program. Among them were pentabromodiphenyl ether (pentaBDE), which was used primarily in polyurethane foam, and octabromodiphenyl ether (octaBDE), used mainly in electrical and electronic equipment and automobiles (both were prohibited by EU in August, 2004). In the United States, production of pentaBDE was ceased in 2004 and its mannfacture and import into the United States is prohibited. Octa-BDE was schednled to be prohibited in 2006 in a number of states in the United States... 

Epoxy coupling agent, 171 Epoxy resin, 83 Equistar Chemical, 166 Equistar HDPE, 500 Ethanox-330, 548, 549 Ethylene plastics, 67 Ethyl-vinyl acetate (EVA), 89 European Union Risk Assessment program, 471... 

These ongoing risks and consequences associated with these materials depend on the availability of precise knowledge and the formulation of instructions for their correct and responsible use. In particular, those chlorine-based substances which are summarized as biocides, are included in the EC directive 98/8, and regulatory as well as a chlorine risk assessment programs are preceded voluntarily by the industry. 

Ecological Structure-Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) This model is used to predict aquatic toxicity, an increasingly important component of the EPA risk assessment program. The EPA has a large information database for chemicals that have been the subject of PMN, but for which the PMN was submitted as confidential business information (CBI). This represents just one example where relying on the model alone will not predict the EPA s response to the submission. 

---