Risk assessment problem-solving approach

In summary, biologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models have tremendous potential to help solve problems in the skin. These models are especially useful for predicting pharmacokinetics and system responses that are nonUnear because they are based on first principles. They can also help design expraiments and develop and test hypotheses. Ultimately, these models can be used to improve risk assessments or develop prophylactic or therapentic approaches. 

This situation is determined by omission of systematic approach, i.e. the methodology of risk as phenomena is not respected. Existing procedures used for risk assessment usually cover only partial tasks of complex problem. Universal tool for solving risk as a complex phenomenon does not exist. Only specific tools for partial tasks of risk assessment solving are disposal. Comparison of different specific tools for risk assessment is very difficult. Each of them usually covers a different set of risk assessment tasks. 

In the industrial field, the accidents situation depends on a wide variety of causes (i.e. diversification and complexity in production processes and technologies, human factors, organizational aspects, no application of safety procedures) that are often very difficult to indentify and to analyze. This is the reason why today aproactive approach to safety problems becomes a key factor. The Risk Assessment approach is aheady known and consohdated but the problem that is not yet solved is related to the indicators used in order to identify the risk priority. Usually these indicators are based on evaluator s experience and expertise, and not necessary deriving from statistical analysis. It depends on the fact that work injuries data are often not usable to characterize a specific risk category by a statistical approach it s a fact mainly due to the amount and typology of the available data and, consequently, to the lack of relationships between injuries and root causes. 

It is more important to establish clear objectives and parameters for risk assessment than to find a standardized cookbook approach to problem solving. 

In addition to the multi-criteria representation of the problem, relationships between projects, companies, and products should be taken into account. In such assessments, premium cost and maximal insured value can be found using Multi-Objective Decision-Making (MODM) methods and solving as a multi-criteria optimization problem (Figure 5.2) the same criteria can be reused for insurance portfolio optimization, and in the case of discrete alternatives (premium cost or insured value), the Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) approach can be used. Different risk assessment approaches can be adapted for MCDM for example, product lifecycle can be presented in detail and/or insured accidents can be presented implicitly along with business opportunities and other benefits. 

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