Problem approach

N. O. Smith, Elementary Statistical Thermodynamics—-A Problems Approach, Plenum Press, New York, 1982. 

Project-research, as it evolved during the war and through the 1920s had several characteristics common to what is known as the "problem approach" already in existence at that time. The United States government had pioneered in the problem approach as early as 1880 in the Department of Agriculture, and for years several bureau chiefs had assigned experts in various disciplines... 

Let us mention briefly some of the closely related subjects which are not considered in this review. The physics of the high Z ions is nowadays a vast and well developed held of research, with its own problems, approaches and... 

It is often the case that after a sufficiently long time, a transient problem approaches a steady-state solution. When this is the case, it can be useful to calculate the steady solution independently. In this way it can be readily observed if the transient solution has the correct asymptotic behavior at long time. 

W. Wood et al., Biochemistry, A Problems Approach, 2nd ed. (1981), Benjamin/Cum-mings (San Francisco), pp. 144-172. Enzyme kinetics with an introduction to the direct linear plot. 

D Voet, J Voet, and C Pratt, Fundamentals of Biochemistry, (1999), John Wiley Sons (New York), pp 281-347 Enzymes and kinetics C Whiteley, Biochem. Educ. 25, 144-146 (1997) Enzyme kinetics W Wood et al, Biochemistiy, A Problems Approach, 2nd ed (1981), Benjamin/Cum-mmgs (San Francisco), pp 144-172 Enzyme kinetics with an introduction to the direct linear plot... 

A feature of the intermediate problem approach, is that the construction of comparison operators involves the splitting of the Hamiltonian, H, into two parts and /, as in per-... 

General case. In practice many flow problems approach either the isothermal or the adiabatic process, but in the event that neither applies it is possible to use Eq. (10.5) or Eq. (10.10). The same procedure may be used for vapors when they depart too widely from the perfect gas laws. If the pressure ratio p2/pi is of the order of 0.95 or more, the error will be negligible if the fluid is treated as incompressible and the equations for liquids are used. 

Chemical Modeling—Goals, Problems, Approaches, and Priorities... 

This BLAST Quickstart chapter illustrates the use of the principal BLAST programs to solve problems that arise in the analysis of protein and nucleotide sequences. Each section provides a succinct description of a protocol with two problems that serve as practical examples. Relevant theory is given when it affects the selection of a search strategy or search parameter, however, the emphasis is on the procedure itself. The sections follow closely the structure of the BLAST QuickStart Mini-Course found at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Class/minicourses. The BLAST QuickStart is one of 10 2-h format Mini-Courses offered by NCBI on campus at the National Institutes of Health and at locations around the country to over 4000 students a year. The courses use a paired problems approach in which the first of two similar problems or problem sets is solved by the instructor during the first hour on a computer linked to a projection system, while the students watch in the second hour, the students tackle the second problem, or set of problems at their... 

Wood, W. B., et al. 1981. Biochemistry A Problems Approach, 2d ed. Benjamin-Cummings. 

To solve a univariate deconvolution problem, approaches such as evolving factor analysis (EFA) (Maeder, 1987) or multivariate curve resolution (MCR) (Tauler Barcelo, 1993), among others (Vivo-Truyols et al., 2002 Sarkar et al., 1998 Kong et al. 2005) can be used. When these approaches are used with univariate data, the variables to be solved for are the number, positions, and abundances of each of the peaks that make up the signal. 

The objective of this paper aims to present recent studies on the ecological and human health impacts resulting from the deposition of coal fly-ash particulates from emissions due to fossil fuel combustion within the Pechora Basin. Problems exist when monitoring airborne particulate deposition around urban centers, as air and precipitation chemistries show high temporal and spatial variation (e.g. Reimann et al. 1999). Elemental concentrations are usually low and sample contamination is a significant problem. Approaches include the analysis of ecological materials that accumulate contaminants (e.g. snow, soils and lichens) which become modified by exposure to pollution from airborne particulate deposition. 

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