Rinse nozzles

We have developed the CMP Semi-InSitu Monitor and confirmed that it is capable of highly precise measurements. This system incorporates a compact measurement unit composed of a small optical head, wafer rinse nozzles and an R-6 stage. Since measurement is performed while the wafer is still held in the CMP top ring, it can be immediately returned to the table for further polishing if necessary. 

To maximise rinsing efficiency, it is necessary to keep the cake flooded with rinse liquor, but not to add excess unless it flows through the cake, rather than over it. The ideal location for admitting the rinse, therefore, is at the junction between the wet and the dry beach. For optimum location of the rinse nozzle(s) it is necessary to have a good appreciation of the cake profile around the wet and dry beach junction. 

A collector with rinse nozzle connections to slurry the cake on exit from the bowl. Used for counter-current washing in some processes Refers to a conveyor with an inner flight as well as the main outer flight. The inner flight has opposite pitch, so as to scroll surface cake towards the front hub to increase its residence time in the bowl... 

Thorough clean downs should be carried out as often as the production schedule will allow, during which all accretions, build up of caked powders etc., are removed by scraping, power steam cleaning or alkali soak, back to the bare surface. Sterilisation can then he achieved by a biocidal rinse, this protected rinse water then being used for the next paint batch produced. Filling equipment, especially nozzles, must be similarly treated. 

The sample probe s vertical stroke can be as long as 100 mm and this, with the in built hquid level sensor, allows a wide range of primary tubes and centrifuge tubes to be held on the trays. Sample racks are automatically transported in the front section of the analyser, which in turn simpHfies maintenance should the nozzle become blocked or if mechanical problems arise. The AUSOOO Series provides precise sample dispensing capabihty. Each of the two sample probes aspirates a volume sufficient for a maximum of four chemistries per sample and dispenses it into eight cuvettes on the twin reactor Hnes. The probes are constructed from water-resistant plastic which minimizes any dilution from wash solution or contamination. The built-in level sensor Hmits the immersion of the probe in the sample. The inside and outside of the probe as well as the level sensor are rinsed after each use to further prevent contamination. 

Caustic materials contained in the admixtures can cause reactions on exposed skin, ranging from mild irritation to severe bums. Most of the ingredients are classed as primary irritants. With liquid admixtures, bums can occur immediately. Because of the serious hazard to exposed skin and eyes, personal equipment is required for all those in the vicinity of the shotcrete machine and nozzle. These include long-sleeved shirt or coveralls. In addition, prior to shooting, protective cream or lotion should be applied to skin areas likely to be exposed to the caustic chemicals. A suggested treatment is to wash exposed skin with water and rinse with vinegar followed by treatment with a protective cream. All exposures to the eye require the immediate attention of a physician immediate action would be to flush the eye with copious amounts of water [120, 121]. 

Where possible, incorporate cleaning apparatus into the equipment. This can be accomplished either with spray nozzles, spray wands, or spray ball diffusers. Drains should be carefully placed in the equipment so that rinse waters and solvents are allowed to fully drain. 

The type of nozzles employed in the rinsing system can be important in its operation. Snap-on plastic nozzles are recommended over the stainless steel variety. The plastic nozzles are easily replaced. Stainless steel nozzles can be difficult to remove, and because of this, they are sometimes not removed when clogged (Egide 1989). 

Fog Nozzles and Sprays. Spraying water directly onto a workpiece can rinse contaminants from it using considerably less water than immersing the part in a bath. A major limitation of spraying is that it is not effective on many oddly-shaped objects, since the spray cannot make direct contact with the entire surface of the object. But for simple workpieces such as sheets, it is highly effective. A variation on the spray nozzle is the fog nozzle. A fog nozzle uses water and air pressure to produce a fine mist. Less water is used than with a conventional spray nozzle. 

As the removed solids begin to build up on the mesh screen, the pressure differential increases until, at typically 7 to 8 psi, a solenoid-actuated rinse valve is opened, allowing some of the water to flow to drain. The sudden reduction in pressure within the rinse area and the lower chamber, caused by the rinse valve opening, permits an internal hydraulic motor (containing top dirt collection nozzles and bottom rotary nozzles) to spin. 

As the hydraulic motor turns, a back-flush stream resulting from the reduced pressure sucks dirt from the mesh screen and through the motor s collection nozzles. The combined dirt stream and rinse water are ejected from the motor s rotary nozzles, scouring the entire screen surface and removing all traces of dirt. The rinse cycle is automatic, occurring at time intervals relative to the dirt content of the water. Each cycle takes only a few seconds and does not interrupt normal water flow. 

The beef samples were then hung vertically on stainless steel hooks attached to a motorized track that pulled the beef samples through a model spray cabinet (Kansas State University, Food Safety Laboratory) while spray treatments were applied. Treatments with either the silver compositions of this invention or deionized water were applied to the beef at 20 psi from a distance of 13 cm in the model pressure rinse cabinet for 20 seconds. The spray nozzle (BETE NF0580 303) delivered approximately 20 ml of solution to the surface of the beef sample. The temperature of solutions and treatment application room was approximately 14° C. After treatment, duplicate 3.5 cm2 core samples were randomly drawn from the lateral surface of the beef sample at 0, 20, 60 and 240 minutes. Samples were cultivated and enumerated on selective differential and... 

Always read and follow the operator s manuals for aU your spray equipment. They will tell you exactly how to use and care for it. After each use, rinse out the entire system. Check for leaks in lines valves, seals, and tank. Remove and clean nozzles. Nozzle, screens, and strainers. 

Slurry can be rinsed out of the measurement area by DI water dispensed from nozzles around the optical head s window, so that a clear image can be input. (Fig. 12) The gap between the wafer surface and measurement head is completely filled with DI water to prevent image... 

In this hands-on example we follow closely a recently published procedure [171]. Additive free LDPE films (with a thickness of 0.2 mm, e.g. obtained from DSM, Geleen, the, Netherlands) is cut into pieces of ca. 1 x 1 cm2 prior to treatment. To remove contaminants, the samples are refluxed in dichloromethane for 30 min, followed by a rinse with ethanol and drying in a stream of nitrogen immediately prior to use. For the flame treatment a mixture of natural gas and air are combusted by a nozzle type burner (using a typical flow rate of the mixture of natural gas and air of ca. 12.3 cm3/s and an equivalence ratio, which is defined as the stoichiometric oxidizer fuel ratio divided by the actual oxidizer fuel ratio of ca. 0.93). The LDPE... 

The addition of acidic additives such as citric acid is very popular in European formulations. The theory behind their use is that if sufficient acid is present in the final rinse solution, the acid converts the carbonate and bicarbonate ions into water and carbon dioxide, preventing the formation of insoluble salts. Citric acid formulations may also keep the dishwasher surfaces and nozzle of the spray arms free of limescale deposits. It is also believed that citrate may contribute to the brilliancy or shiny appearance of siliceous surfaces [175],... 

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