Reworking, avoidance

Some tolled products can be reworked if they fail quality assurance tests. In these cases the production cost may go up, but the product is not a complete loss. However, other tolled products, some pharmaceuticals for example, could be completely ruined by similar processing mishaps. Losses in these cases can be quite extensive. Test runs and approved rework procedures for such products may help avoid these losses. 

Systems in which it is easy to make an error should be avoided. To reduce the risk of contaminated product and reworked batches, it is generally better to avoid bringing several chemicals together in a manifold. However, manifolding can be done safely and it may be the best design when all factors are considered. 

This requirement can impose unnecessary constraints if you take it literally. Many activities in quality plans and procedures are performed to give early warning of nonconformities. This is in order to avoid the losses that can be incurred if failure occurs in later tests and inspections. The earlier you confirm conformance the less costly any rework will be. 

Returning to our discussion of benefits, we note that they fell into two principal areas the time-value of information and the improvement in laboratory productivity. As we saw, assessing the benefits from the time-value of information requires examination of the total process through which that information will be used. For example, using data such as the anticipated improvement in laboratory turn around time, the rate at which material Is produced and its value, and the current the financial losses attributable to scrap or rework, one can estimate the savings in dollars to be accrued (each hour of faulty production avoided through faster lab turnaround time yields as a gain to the firm, the revenue that otherwise would have been lost). 

The insertion of dried fern in a polymeric matrix avoids the fern particles mechanical degrading and permits the bioaccumulating material regeneration and it is reworking, determining the effectiveness of this advanced cleaning wastewater. 

The production of material of a consistent quality is one of the major goals of development work. Quality problems in a product are identified by the constant monitoring and analysis of the output from the plant, using statistical process control techniques [D-4]. Some of these methods have already been mentioned in Section B, 3.4.2. The avoidance of product quality problems results in direct cost benefits and also brings about a reduction in the environmental impact of its manufacture. This is because material does not need to be reworked, recycled or sent for disposal. A reduction in the number of inferior quality batches of material leads to an increase in output from the plant. More material is produced for the same effort, with the added benefit that it can be consistently supplied to the sales warehouse or be used in consuming processes. 

An appropriate design team will demonstrate expertise in contamination control philosophies, space planning, code compliance, and mechanical and electrical design and will be familiar with materials of construction currently being used in pharmaceutical projects. It is frequently helpful to include a member of the construction team in the front-end planning effort to advise on constructibility of the facility being planned. Unrealistic construction schedules will be avoided and field rework will be minimized if appropriate attention is paid to the construction phase early in the planning process. 

Transfer of software modules, configuration, graphics, data, and other software objects needs to be managed and controlled formally when building the validation and live environment. Control is also required over the development environment to avoid rework and inefficient software development. 

Sodium carbonate 20% solution w as added to neutral (on litmus) reaction find care was taken to avoid an excess of alkali harmful to TNT. A solution of rl6-17% NOjSOj and 0.l-0.3% NaHSOs was added. The sodium-hydrogen Iphite was used to avoid alkaline reaction and also served as a buffer. Cold [water was added to thicken the charge, the whole operation lasted 45 min. The >duct was screened through a 10 mesh sieve, centrifuged and washed with Her. Larger particles were returned for reworking. 

The study report is the essence of the clinical trial and summarizes trial data and their interpretation. Since trial reports are part of the package submitted to regulatory authorities for obtaining marketing authorization, the contents must be valid, complete and accurate. Trial report audits verify that all necessary components and attachments are included in the report. Ideally, the last draft version is subject to audit, thus avoiding rework which may be necessary after audits of early drafts which are substantially changed until they are considered final. In addition, all QC checks and activities should have been completed prior to the audit. 

Because only a small amount of the target component was available the yield of the chromatographic separation should be as high as possible. Therefore, CLRC (Section 5.1.3) with peak shaving was chosen to avoid fractions with insufficient purity, which otherwise had to be reworked. Figure 5.34 depicts the resulting... 

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