Retroviral replication

Guatelli, J. C et al. (1990). Isothermal in vitro amplification of nucleic acids by multienzyme reaction modeled after retroviral replication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87,1874-1878. 

To, R. Y., and Neiman, RE., The potential for effective antisense inhibition of retroviral replication mediated by retroviral vectors. In Erickson R.P., Izant J.G., eds., Gene Regulation Biology of Antisense RNA and DNA. Raven Press, New York, 1992, pp. 261-271. 

The A-rich loop plays a role in retroviral replication and likely pairs with the complementary tRNA s anticodon. Strnctnral analysis of this A-rich loop shows a U-tum motif, an RNA strnctnre first seen in tRNA , but which is a common structural motif in many tRNAs." If, as evidence suggests, the four adenosines in the A-rich loop of the PBS pairing with the four uridines in the anticodon stem loop of tRNA y is a critical event in the HIV life cycle, this could provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention. 

The gag, pol, and env genes of the retroviral genome, required for retroviral replication and assembly of viral particles, can be replaced with foreign DNA. To assemble viruses that contain the recombinant genetic information, researchers must introduce the DNA into cultured cells that are simultaneously infected with a helper virus that has the genes to produce viral particles but lacks the [Pg.334]

As the research into the mechanisms of retroviral replication has progressed, compounds aimed at virtually all parts of the viral replicatory cycle have been evaluated and a number of valid drug targets have been identified [48]. 

Utility Antiviral and Virucide to Inhibit Human Retroviral Replication... 

The mutagenic ribonucleotide rPTP (87) has been used in an in vitro retroviral replication model. After four rounds of replication the mutation frequency was raised to 3.8 x 10 per nucleotide, with C U and U C mutations observed. It was suggested that such an analogue could induce mutations in a retroviral target beyond its error threshold. The tricyclic cytosine analogues phenoxazine and 9-(2-aminoethoxy)-phenoxazine (g-clamp, see (141)) have been incorporated into ODNs to study their effect with exonuclease. It was found that a single substitution at the 3 -terminus afforded complete protection of the ODN with snake venom phosphodiesterase. ... 

Being indispensable for retroviral replication, RT is a key target for antiretroviral treatment. Particle-associated RT activity is, on the other hand, also a unique marker of infectious retrovirus particles. Measuring particle-associated RT activity with a sensitive procedure can thus be used as a screening test for retroviruses of any kind, to measure the virus load in individuals with verified infection to assess the need for antiretroviral treatment, and to monitor the effects of antiretroviral treatment. 

GuateUi JC, Whitfield KM, Kwoh DY, Barringer KJ, Richman DD, Gingeras TR. Isothermal, in vitro amphfication of nucleic acids by a multienzyme reaction modeled after retroviral replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990 87 1874-8. 

Could luzopeptin C inhibit retroviral replication at non-cytotoxic doses ... 

Relate the catalytic activity of reverse transcriptase (an RNA-directed DNA polymerase) to the replication of retroviruses. Provide an overvievc of retroviral replication. 

These proteins are involved in the transcription of the HIV genome and in the nuclear export of incompletely spliced viral mRNA. In situ expression of anti-Rev and anti-TAR RNA aptamers inhibited the retroviral replication by more than 70% in cultured cells (Good et al., 1997). 

The RNase H activity of viral RTase plays an essential role in retroviral replication. Site-specific mutations that severely depress the RNase H activity but retain the polymerase function produce the replication-defective phenotype with concurrent accumulation of the (—) strand strong-stop DNA (88,100). 

A number of alternative approaches are being developed that may overcome some of these issues. Replication-defective retroviral vectors are available that will more consistently (a) deliver a chosen gene into cells and (b) ensure chromosomal integration of the gene. A second innovation is the application of nuclear transfer technology. 

Repeat length, of fiber polymers, 11 175 Replication-defective retroviral vectors, 12 457... 

Zidovudine, azidothymidine, AZT (Retrovir, Combivir) Antiretroviral agent Inhibits HIV replication by blocking reverse transcriptase... 

Retroviral genes are replaced with therapeutic human gene, making the the retrovirus incapable of self-replication... 

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